Autism And Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Essay

In today’s world, it is easy to label people based on what society defines as â€Å"normal.† Society dictates how we view people on a daily basis and this forces people to view things from a singular perspective. Unfortunately, this single point of view may lead to discrimination against people who are â€Å"different.† For example, those with disabilities and other diagnoses are neglected, overlooked, or judged by those who are influenced by that singular perspective. In specific, Autism which is referred to as Autistic Spectrum Disorder, is something that the public has heard before but they do not fully understand or are unaware about its true definition. â€Å"According to the Centers for Disease Control’s Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM), approximately 1 in 68 children have been identified with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)† (CDC, 2016). This increased prevalence is why it is important to continue educating the public a bout those living with Autism as well as critical for social awareness and for the overall health of the community. Tipton and Blacher (2014) investigated how those in a college community observed the characteristics and diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Participants were undergraduate students, graduate students, faculty and staff at a major university in the Southwestern United States and were invited to participate in a survey via email. The email was sent to the entire college community, which contained a link to SurveyMonkey. TheShow MoreRelatedAutism Research Paper794 Words   |  4 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorders are developmental disabilities with lifelong effects for the person. They are characterized by the repetitive behaviors exhibited by the client with social and communication deficits as well. Clients with ASDs have unusual abilities to learn, they struggle with paying attention and may react inappropriately with extreme tantrums to different sensations. ASDs include and are not limited to autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder, atypical autism and AspergerRea d MoreDevelopmental Disabilities and Speech and Language Impaiments1209 Words   |  5 Pageschildren, about 2.8 million (5.2%) were reported to have a disability in 2010. About 1 in 6 children in the U.S. had a developmental disability in 2006-2008 which is a 17.1% increase from 1998. Developmental disabilities range from mild disabilities such as ADHD, speech and language impairments to serious developmental disabilities, such as intellectual disabilities, cerebral palsy, and autism. Recently, there has been an increased focus on Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) as it becomes more prevalentRead MoreMental Disorders And Disabilities Among Low-Income Children Case Study1029 Words   |  5 PagesDivision of Behavioral Social Sciences Education, sponsoring body. (2015). Mental disorders and disabilities among low-income children. This book is presents and evaluates the findings of mental disorders and disabilities among low-income children in the United States by the Institute of Medicine ( IOM). It is separated by four parts: the purpose of Supplement Security Income (SSI) for disability benefits for children, the characteristics of the selected mental disorders, prevalence of selectedRead MoreWorking with Students who have Learning Disabilities Essay examples1481 Words   |  6 PagesWorking with Students who have Learning Disabilities Over the past 10 years, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of students who have been diagnosed with learning disabilities. I need to be aware of how to help those students who have learning disabilities and teach to the best of my ability. I also need to be supportive and understand not every student learns in the same way which is why it is important for me to be flexible in my own style of instruction. I need to be knowledgeableRead MoreThe Ipad Can Be A Helpful Learning Tool For Students On The Autism Spectrum1058 Words   |  5 PagesTitle: The Ipad can be a helpful learning tool for Students on the Autism Spectrum. The purpose of this paper is to research the impact that the iPad has on the learning for those with autism. I want to learn the different ways that an Ipad can be used to enhance learning for autistic children. I would also like to see how much of an influence studies show that the Ipads are having on education.  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Resource #1 Hill, D. (2014, May 1). Comparing the Picture Exchange Communication SystemRead MoreAutism Between Autism And Autism756 Words   |  4 PagesMany people believe that autism is its own disorder that children are diagnosed with. However, autism is actually a term used for a wide range of disorders. Autism s clinical name is Autism Spectrum Disorder. The term spectrum is used because of the range of symptoms, intensity, and behaviors autism effects. There are also many different types of autism. There is classic autism which is associated with being non-verbal and anti-social. Another form of autism is Asperger Syndrome which is associatedRead MoreIn Recent Years, The Prevalence Of Autism Spectrum Disorder1357 Words   |  6 Pagesyears, the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased greatly (Nevison 2014). For example, in 2000 the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network estimated about 1 in 150 children had ASD. Six years later in 2006, the pre valence increased to about 1 in every 110 children and then most recently in 2012 to 1 in 68 children. According to the CDC (2008) autism is the fastest-growing developmental disability. With the growing prevalence of autism, the society has beenRead MoreThe Importance Of Providing Better Assessments For Adults With Disabilities1559 Words   |  7 Pagesinteractions, the basic unit of society. This research will focus on the importance of providing better assessments for Adults with Disabilities, before placing them into a specific housing setting, without undermining their independence level. In 1998, Wehmeyer and Bolding published a research article that focused on the enhancement of self-determination of adults with disabilities after they lived or worked in community-based environments. This research specifically focused on the intellectually disabledRead MoreUse Of A Peer Support Intervention For Promoting Academic Engagement Of Students With Autism1505 Words   |  7 Pages Use of a Peer Support Intervention for Promoting Academic Engagement of Students with Autism in General Education Danielle D. Clawson SED 532 J. Babcock October 25, 2015 â€Æ' Abstract Students with autism spectrum disorder show benefits from being educated in general education classrooms with interactions with typically developing peers. However, behaviors exhibited by students with ASD often lead them back to segregated special education settings. The purposeRead MoreVaccinations : A Science s Greatest Feats1400 Words   |  6 Pagestime where sanitation was not rampant. A common argument that comes up during discussions of the current decline in immunization is that vaccination increases the risk of a child getting Autism. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Autism are generic terms for â€Å"a group of complex disorders of brain development† (Autism Speaks), it covers conditions such as Childhood Disintegrative Disorder and Asperger’s Syndrome (Healthy Canadian). Current epidemiological data estimates that the global prevalence of

Adolf Hitler Propaganda And The World War At 1937-1945.

Adolf Hitler: Propaganda and the World War at 1937-1945 Phillip E. Greaves American Military University Professor Brian Weber Adolf Hitler: Propaganda and the World War at 1937-1945 Introduction Deemed as an empire that was a creation of propaganda and thrived by propaganda, the Nazi empire under Adolf Hitler was one of the strongest forces in the Second World War between 1937 and 1945. Defined by propaganda, the Nazi Party under the leadership of Hitler dictated the economy, politics, education and military based on their ability to communicate, convince and manipulate masses of people based on their wishes. The perfection on the use of propaganda by Adolf Hitler was apparent in the capacity of the Nazi Party to†¦show more content†¦These books to convince the Germanys on the need to expand their country demeaned the Jews along with creating a sense of distrust among Germans on Jews with the objective of encouraging the elimination of Jews. Adolf Hitler believed that the future of Germany was best without the Jew because of the role of the â€Å"Jews and their Marxist fighting organization, which blamed General Erich Ludendorff for the loss of World War One.† By creating propaganda that highlighted this falsehood in the education system, the Nazi Party ensured that the Jews were eliminated during the war to reduce the risk of being betrayed in war. At a tender age, the German children were exposed to an education that rather than equipping the students with knowledge and skills, the education system strived towards preparing the students for the World War II as well as ensuring that they despised their immediate neighbors who were the Jews (Pinkus, 2005). Secondly, the Nazi Party under Adolf Hitler perpetuated propaganda against the Jews as well as rally Germans for World War II using the societal organizations in the form of the churches. In spite of the Roman Catholic Church, which was the major player among the churches of the twentieth century, being against extreme and radical anti-Semitism, during the reign of Hitler the church was sympathetic to the ideas presented by the Nazi Party. The desire by Hitler to ensure thatShow More RelatedShelby Meyer. Mrs.Cour. Composition. 8 May 2017. Axis Powers.882 Words   |  4 PagesMrs.cour Composition 8 May 2017 Axis Powers The Axis Powers were a group of countries during WWII (world war two). The powers were comprised of Germany, Italy, and Japan. They wanted to take over the world. They fought against the Allied Powers, which were basically the rest of the world, and they almost won. How? I m about to tell you! A big part of why they got so far was their leaders.Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, and Hideki tojo These men knew how to get what they wanted. They spoke in a wayRead MoreAdolf Hitler Essay1404 Words   |  6 PagesAdolf Hitler Born in the Austrian town of Braunau on April 20, 1889, Adolf was the fourth child of Alois Schickelgruber and Klara Hitler. By 1900, young Adolfs talents as an artist surfaced. He did well enough in school to be eligible for either the university preparatory school or the technical/scientific Realschule. Because the technical/scientific Realschule had a course in drawing, Adolf enrolled in there. Adolf suffered from frequent lung infections, and he quit school at the age ofRead MoreEssay about Adolf Hitler1405 Words   |  6 PagesAdolf Hitler Adolf Hitler was born on April 20th, 1889 in Braunau, Austria. He was the fourth child of Alois Schickelgruber and Klara Hitler. The couple’s first three offsprings died as children, but more two more were born later, in addition to Adolf’s half siblings from his father’s previous marriage. A housemaid described Adolf’s father as a strict but comfortable man, and his mother was known to give Adolf much love and affection. As a child, Adolf was very skilled at artwork, and evenRead MoreHitler s Influence On Germany3134 Words   |  13 PagesThe Master of Persuasion: Hitler’s Influence on Germany According to Sickinger, Adolf Hitler is a very powerful name filled with many opinions stating in his book that: â€Å"Because the name Adolf Hitler evokes so many images and provokes so many responses, it is difficult, if not impossible, to sort through them to arrive at the real Hitler. Hitler’s character and career, however, have remained consistently popular subjects. Many people have tried to give insight into his character and personality†Read MoreAdolf Hitler s Influence On The World1802 Words   |  8 Pages1930s, Adolf Hitler rose to power in the morally and economically broken country of Germany then lead the nation into what was to be known as the â€Å"Third Reich†. Hitler, along with his fellow party members, were able to take over the country at an unfathomable pace along an approval rate that has never been seen before. Adolf was able to consume the support of the nation with the influential effect of his propaganda. The results of his propagand a trump any seen before in the history of the world andRead MoreHitler s Influence On The World1986 Words   |  8 PagesDuring the 1930’s, Adolf Hitler rose to power in the morally and economically broken country of Germany and lead the nation into what was to be known as the â€Å"Third Reich†. Hitler, along with his fellow party members, was able to take over the country at an unfathomable pace along with a societal approval rate that has never been seen before. Adolf was able to consume the support of the nation with the influential effect of his propaganda. The results of his propaganda trump any seen before in theRead MoreMunich Agreement who was the winner Chamberlain or Hitler1707 Words   |  7 PagesMunich, Hitler or Chamberlain? Neville Chamberlain was a realist, he had inherited a policy of appeasement Lord Halifax memoir) from his predecessor Baldwin. His prime motive during his diplomatic meetings with Adolf Hitler was to prevent Britain becoming entangled in a war that she was ill equipped to wage. This he successfully achieved and by defusing a situation through statesmanship he bought valuable time to allow the British forces to re-arm. On becoming Prime Minister in May 1937, Chamberlain’sRead MoreHow and Why Did the Nazi Treatment of Jews Change Between the Years 1933 and 1945?3121 Words   |  13 Pagesand 1945? | Curran De Braganca | How and why did the Nazi treatment of Jews change between the years 1933 and 1945? Most of us have heard of the Nazi party’s horrific, genocidal regime on destroying the Jewish race, but what events led up to their dire judgement? In this study I aim to uncover the events, reasons and changes which led to the Holocaust and the further changes in the treatment of the Jewish race by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party. In the aftermath of the First World WarRead MoreThe Political And Social Landscape Of The 20th Century1499 Words   |  6 Pagestrends that took place in the twentieth century that formed the political and social landscape of the world today. Nazism had a huge impact on the historical development in Germany and overall, influenced the whole world tremendously. Nazism as defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary states, â€Å"the body of political and economic doctrines held and put into effect by the Nazis in Germany from 1933 to 1945 including the totalitarian principle of government, predominance of especially Germanic groups assumedRead MoreEssay about World War II and Evil1942 Words   |  8 PagesWorld War II and Evil The purpose of this paper is to show examples of evil both individual and institutional. Adolf Hitler’s vision of war and genocide was chosen as an example of individual evil. What other person in the 20th century defines evil better than Adolf Hitler? The Japanese invasion and subsequent rape of the then Chinese capital city of Nanking (Nanjing) in December 1937, was chosen as an institutional example of evil. These pages will show how a man rose to power in Germany

Ethics for Managers Unique Retailing Organization

Question: Discuss about the Report of Ethics for Managers on Unique Retailing Organization. Answer: Introduction Wal-Mart is considered as the most unique retailing organization, which mainly offers all the major products required by the customers to fulfill their daily needs. The Wal-Mart was first introduced in the year 1962 by Sam Walton (Loria, 2009). The company possessed its stores at almost 8000 locations and serves 200 million customers weekly. The famous mantra followed by the organization is Sundown rule, which mainly focuses on achieving something in the current and in an organized manner. The Wal-Mart believes in hard work and providing the best services to the customer by which they can able to manage their brand name in an appropriate manner. In the year 2002, the Wal-Mart is officially considered as the brand name and the second largest grocery shop in the world, topping the Fortune. The Fortune, also known as Wal-Mart is the most admired company in the world (Mkkasr, 2010). Sustainability Aspects The small town business to an international corporation market, Wal-Mart is the suitable team player in the field of the retailing business. The organization is also able to prove their suitable identity in the local as well as in the international market. Wal-Mart is also considered as the second largest public organization with the turnover of about $ 433 million per annum. But, as the competition is rising with the great speed and the alarming changes are being observed during the day to day life so for this, the management and planning of the sustainability aspects are essential to be defined in the suitable manner. Though, the organization is facing the continuous criticism in various manners, but despite of this, the organization is able to manage its appropriate identity in the world class market. According to the case study, the sustainability is being discussed in different categories. The categories are differentiated into three aspects which are named as the employees, soc iety and the environment. The discussion of the sustainability will be done on the individual level (Thwink Team, 2016). Yes, I personally believe that Wal-Mart is performing well in developing the suitable aspects related to the sustainability. Wal-Mart is planning and managing the various changes in present scenario, so that the future aspects related to the organization may also improve simultaneously. Though on the employee level, there are no such profits, which are satisfying the customers. But in the year 2006, due to some internal issues in the organization, the Wal-Mart planned to manage the employee benefits to manage the sustainability. The organization can able to managed the sustainability aspects through various ways, such as by providing the health facilities, offering the lower deductibles with suitable incentives along with facilitating part time job opportunities. In reference to the society, the case study shows in depicting the suitable aspects related to the sustainability. The opening of the new stores or the outlets create both negative and the positive impact on the society. To manage the sustainability of the society, the sustainability index has been launched by the Wal-Mart. There are three parts in which the sustainability index is divided, these are the transparency in the supply chain, maintenance of the consortium and the consumers aspects for exchanging the views. These criteria would be helpful in promoting the society in the right manner. Other than this, there are various policies and rules that are defined for the society. Some of the examples are a launch of offers according to the season, special offers for the youth and students, etc. By this, the youth gets attracted towards the offers and the sustainability will be promoted on the wider level. To promote the society, the organization designed the plans for promotion. On the environmental level, there are various aspects which are devised to promote the organization. The Wal-Mart promotes the usage of the paper bags and the recycled bags on the wider level. By this, the environment can become more protective and sustainable as well. The long lasting aspects related to the environment can be implemented so that the company can sustain in the market. In fact, this Wal-Mart also introduces the concept of the Go-Green and Being-Green. The company also sells the toys by recycling them to the various resources which can lead to sustainability enhancement. (Mann, 2009) Ethical Issues Wal-Mart is considered as the largest among the retail industry, which is helpful in managing the grocery products and fulfilling the daily needs of the customers. The wide range of the ethical issues has been discussed through the case study. Some of the common ethical issues are discrimination of the job profile between men and women, bribery, safety, misconducting the leadership and a few other aspects. Instead of this, the organization can also be able to manage the ethical and the compliance program by showing the sustain or existence in the market for future as well. There are various ethical issues faced by the organization, which relate to the different aspects. The organization tried to solve these issues in all possible manner. Due to ethical issues, sustainability aspects are not fulfilled in the suitable manner (Workplace Fairness, 2016). Some of the past ethical issues are defined below: The working culture of the organization is not considered suitable for women and men. The discrimination among them is defined on the basis of the wages and the designation provided to them. The men and women are not considered on equality or the same position. Instead of this, if the issues related to the lower wage policies are improved and subsequently, the suitable benefits are provided to the employees. To manage the situation, the organization also tries to manage the situation and made appropriate rules and regulations for the employees working in the organization. Similarly, there are various health policies which should be designed for the welfare of the employees working in the organization (Chen, 2015). Few ethical issues were also identified on the basis of the food and the grocery kept in the store. The issue was identified in the year 2012, where the seafood processor is scandalized due to some aspects and consequently the customers health has also been affected by that. Rather than this, some issues have been faced by the customers in dairy products and the other essential products. To manage the situation, the organization tries to keep the packed food products for their customers so that the chances of issues can get reduced (Gogoi, 2007). The policies related to the stakeholders and the stockholders has not well defined as well. Due to these problems, the requirement of effective supply chain management was realized. The formation of the separate trade unions and the interference of the small business are the common one. To manage these aspects in the suitable manner, the appropriate guidelines were issued by the organization to get the success in the field of the retailing. Apart from these major issues, there are some other small ethical issues which were continuously affecting the organization. To solve these issues in the right frame was designed. The diagram for the ethical issues is shown below. (Andersen, 2016) CSR Model of Wal-Mart The activities related to the CSR are considered as the most appropriate activities, which can be helpful in companys promotions and enhancing the social service aspect related to the company. With the help of the CSR activities, the organization can able to reflect their social ideas and the approaches to the society directly. For managing the CSR activities, there are various evidences and supporting aspects provided by the Freidman and Freeman. According to both the philosophers, CSR activities can be proved helpful in providing the suitable support to manage its financial aspects in the international as well as the local market. The study and the evidences reveals that Wal-Mart is the second largest retailing shop across the world. Thus, it is very obvious to expect the social responsibility and the social welfare from the organization. In fact, the organization has to face the criticism too. The four part model of the CSR is shown below which is helpful in explaining the critica l review of the organization in contrast to the parts defined in the model. (Safepc, 2015) In the diagram shown above, the four sections were defined, which are helpful in defining the CSR activities in the suitable manner. For pursuing the CSR activities, the organization is planning various aspects. For philanthropic contribution, the organization is providing various cash and donations to the needy people. The strategy for donation is quite different. The basic motto of the organization is to save money and help the needy people in all possible manner. In fact, the organization has also developed their own foundation for the needy people. An organization has to face the long phase of criticism from other organization and the employees, but still the organization introduces the new concept of the diversity, charitable aspects, nutritional values and the sustainability in every aspect (Broader, 2012). For managing the Legal responsibility, there are various policies and rules designed for the employees, stockholders, stakeholders and the customers. To manage the damage control, the organization has introduced the concept of the advertisements on the wider level. The use of the sustainability model and the identification of the consortium, for the sustainability are helpful in developing the suitable legal aspects. On an individual level, different policies have been managed to identify the legal aspects of the organizations. Some of the common policies are related to the health management, managing employees provident fund and the policies related to male and female discrimination. In order to follow the corporate social responsibility, the other responsibility has also been defined which relates to the economic responsibility. To fulfill the economic responsibility, the suppliers, employees, employers and the global corruption are trying to manage at the global level. Other than this, the improved internal audit mechanism and the monitoring aspects are also required to check he major aspects related to the economic issues. By handling all these aspects on an individual level, it is possible to manage the CSR activities easily. For ethical responsibility, the organization is planning to reduce the urban sprawl in an appropriate manner. The company is planning various other aspects, such as the opening of the small stores with the 15,000 square feet in the urban and the rural area, known as the mini-marts. By opening these mini stores in various locations, the travelling time of the customers will be reduced and simultaneously the traffic congestion can be reduced. This will helpful in conserving the environment because of pollution. Apart from this, the preparation of the bags with recycled material and innovating the suitable dumping policies, the organization can able to compete its ethical responsibility. Identification of the stakeholders The identification of the suitable stakeholder is considered as the most prominent aspect of the Walmart. The stakeholders are identified by using the Mtchells 1997 model. According to the writer, the Stakeholders common features are related to the power, legitimacy and urgency. The power is helpful in ruling the firm, managing the legitimacy of the firm and urgency is helpful in claiming the stakeholders. The rules are mainly related to the The Article of management Review in year 1997. With the help of the theory, the suitable decisions can be considered on the wider level. By considering all these features, suitable decisions can accordingly be taken in the organization, (i.e. Walmart does). The organization who is not only adapting the current ideas from these elements, but helps in the rising development of the organization (Sieber, 2013). The individual description and the role of each element is defined below in the paragraph. With the help of the power, the stakeholders can be able to take the suitable decision in an appropriate direction. Through this, the stakeholders would be able to take the decision in the coercive (physical), utilitarian (material) and normative (prestige, esteem and social), which are the aspects targeted to manage the major processes of the organization (Bruce, 2011). Other than this, the legitimacy is also considered as the most prominent aspect for the stakeholders, in which they are able to take the suitable decisions for the development of the organization. The legitimacy is considered as the aspect in which the generalized perception or the aspects are being identified for the socially constructed system. But in the urgency aspect, the immediate action should be taken on the definite issue. By this, the issues can be sorted out easily. On the managerial level, the selection of the stakeholders is mainly dependent upon all three variables (Schakett, 2012). Those stakeholders who possess all these elements are considered on priority level. When three variables are overlapped with one another, the seven new combinations are formed which are defined below with the help of the diagram. In fact, these seven combinations are categorized further into three separate groups, which are latent, expectant and definitive stakeholders. By these variables, t he aspects related to the organization can be solved easily. The salience model has been defined for the process, which is also acting as the supportive feature. Ethics and Future Perspectives The strong communication and the ethical approaches followed by any organization also plays a prominent role in managing the actual identity of the organization. For managing the renowned image of the organization, the organization has to manage the sound ethical approaches in all the manner. If the organization follows suitable ethical approaches, then the dignity and the integrity of the company can be managed in a well-defined manner. There are various examples and the approaches which are defined in the case study, which is proved helpful in revealing the importance of the ethical issues being followed in the organization (Matthews, 2016). The organization considers the suitable values of its renowned image in the market. The services which are provided to the customers are outstanding and covers profit-targeted aspects. Though, the organization has to face the criticism because of the discrimination in the services provided to the males and females, but there are various evidenc es which are helpful in showing that the organization provides appropriate facilities to the females so that these can easily manage the operations of the organization. The communication and the ethical practices meant a lot for the organization, thats why the organization is continuously making efforts for providing the best customer services. Other than this, tie ups with small organizations for selling the products also facilitates the best business opportunities for them and simultaneously by providing, the profitable aspects related to the customers, company, stakeholders and stockholders (Taylor, 2016). The adoption of suitable ethics by the company is considered as the base for attaining the appropriate output. By following the ethical values, the companys goodwill increases and the existing image of the company would also be improved. Some of the ethical recommendations for the future perspectives are defined below (Friedman, 2016). According to the diagram shown above, if the organization follows these seven elements, then the successful aspects will be grown with rising rate. The recommendations are described below. The respect towards the competitors and the customers is considered as the first recommendation, which should be followed while doing the business in the international market. The feeling of gratitude and appreciation towards the customers, the contributors increases the ratio of ethical aspects. The public introduction and the promotion of other contributors will be helpful in improving the ethical approaches on the wider level. Integrity, Customer focus and the results oriented are some of the most common elements, by which the growth of the company can be confirmed. These elements are helpful in stabilizing the organizational value in the market with the rising rate. Passion and management of the risk if included in the personal qualities can be generated by the long-term experience (McMillon, 2 015). By this, suitable results can be generated and the improved ethical approaches in contrast to the organization can be identified. Conclusion There are various aspects described with the help of the paragraphs shown above. All these paragraphs are also helpful in defining the internal studies related to the topic. With the help of the case study, the ethical issues of the organization (i.e. Walmart), their future perspectives related to the organization, CSR activities of the organization and three variable theory is being identified in the suitable level. By analyzing all these perspectives, Walmarts current scenario is explained which reveals the past and the future perspectives of the organization as well. The future of retail market is also analyzed by these such topics. The main limitation of the study is the absence of the suitable figures and the three variable theory. Due to this, the appropriate study cannot be completed in the suitable manner. Bibliography Andersen, A., 2016. Famous Ethical Cases. Famous Ethical Cases, Available at: https://www.ualr.edu/vspillai/EthicsCases.html Broader, S., 2012. Walmart Canadas Corporate Social Responsibility Report: Walmart Canada, Available at: https://cdn.corporate.walmart.com/ad/46/b4640e9841f89445e3ec087f1ca4/corporate-social-responsibility-report-published-july-2012.pdf Bruce, P., 2011. Stakeholder Engagement. Stakeholder engagement pays a silver bullet?, 31 October. Chen, M., 2015. Here Are All the Reasons Wal-Marts Business Is Not Sustainable. Here Are All the Reasons Wal-Marts Business Is Not Sustainable, 09 June. Friedman, L., 2016. Inside look at Walmarts store of the future. Inside look at Walmarts store of the future, 03 June. Gogoi, P., 2007. Wal-Mart's Latest Ethics Controversy. Wal-Mart's Latest Ethics Controversy, 14 June. Loria, M., 2009. Walmart Introduction. Walmart Introduction, 05 February, Available at: https://warlmart.blogspot.in/2009/02/introduction.html Mann, S., 2009. Visualising sustainability. Computing for sustainability, 15 March, Available at: https://computingforsustainability.com/2009/03/15/visualising-sustainability/ Matthews, J., 2016. Eight elements of an ethical organization. Eight elements of an ethical organization. McMillon, D., 2015. Why Walmart is Positioned to Win the Future of Retail. Why Walmart is Positioned to Win the Future of Retail, 14 October. Mkkasr, 2010. Introduction to Walmart. Introduction to Walmart, 11 November, pp. 1-4, Available at: https://www.scribd.com/doc/41970993/Introduction-to-Walmart Safepc, Q., 2015. Carrolls Global Corporate Social Responsibility Pyramid. Carrolls Global Corporate Social Responsibility Pyramid, 30 May. Schakett, S., 2012. Walmart Mission and Stakeholders. Walmart Mission and Stakeholders, 17 July, pp. 1-6. Sieber, D., 2013. Walmart Stakeholder Analysis. Walmart Stakeholder Analysis, 20 November, Available at: https://prezi.com/f1kmemtkmvta/walmart-stakeholder-analysis/ Taylor, K., 2016. Walmart plans to change the future of retail - and fix some of its biggest mistakes. Walmart plans to change the future of retail - and fix some of its biggest mistakes, 04 June. Thwink Team, 2016. The Three Pillars of Sustainability. The Three Pillars of Sustainability. Workplace Fairness, 2016. The good, the bad and Wal-Mart. The good, the bad and Wal-Mart.

Street Gangs Essay Example

Street Gangs Essay A street gang is a group of young people, with a common identity, and mainly engages in criminal activities.   Most members in a street gang are between the ages of 11 and 21.   These cohesive groups have a recognizable geographical territory, a leadership, levels of organized continuous criminal activities and a purpose.   The street gangs have a common identifying symbol and a known leadership who associate themselves with criminal activities. These groups have a very close relationship and they support one another in their delinquent behaviours. Street gangs may have the commission of one or more criminal acts including murder, firearms or explosives violations, obstruction of justice, narcotics distribution and other violent offenses such as carjacking, assault, burglary and threats. (Manwaring, M. G. (2005). For a gang to be identified as a street gang it must have engaged in a collective of criminal activities.   Street gangs may be traditional, national, ethnic or geographical affiliated. These young adults use group intimidation and violence to perform criminal activities in order to earn power and control over certain activities.   These groups are usually unpredictable and unstructured.   Their activities sometimes have no financial gain or a hidden motive. In America, gang activity started in New York during the 19th century.   These gangs erupted form poor sections of the city and they were formed on strong ethnic identities, usually Irish.   Five paints is an example of a gang that was formed during this period.   They robbed, mugged and fought with others gangs.   During the 20th century, street gang activity became rampant although they were making composed of black or Hispanic origin.   During the 1950s and 1960s, those street gangs were found in major cities with European gangs vanishing. We will write a custom essay sample on Street Gangs specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Street Gangs specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Street Gangs specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Narcotics and firearms became very prevalent in the 1970s and 1980’s.   Those two items attracted more teenagers to join the street gangs.   Firearms made street gangs more violent and increased criminal activities during that period. (Thornberry, T. P., Krohn, M. D., Lizotte, A. J., Smith, C. A., Tobin, K. (2003). Street gangs were formed initially for self –protection of family and friends within the same neighbourhood but later progressed to criminal acts that provided a source of income.   Street gangs from different neighbourhool or ethnic groups have been involved in several violence acts against each other to gain power or control over a certain activity. Gangs form the same neighbourhoods have also been involved in vivacity and violence. The first original street gang was formed by a group of students as an informal sports organization in 1970.   The groups name as founded on the address where they lived.   In Chicago the first gangs were formed on ethnic lives by the volunteers of five departments.   The different department of five fighters competed against each other and formed gangs that were later taken to the street.   During the early 20th century, polish and Italian gangs became the most common in Chicago. European – American street gangs were formed in 1780s by young people who were sported hanging out on street corners.   These gangs were formed to protect their neighbor hoods from their rivals.   These groups basically fought for control over street corners and other open lots.   This is where they held their meetings.   The gangs, however, were not based on ethnicity because the same neighbourhood could have a host of nationalities.   These gangs emerged in cities where poor communities lives together. Young adults joined a street gang in order to feel a sense of belonging.   A gong promised to give its members identity. Belonging, wealth, discipline and drugs.   Other young people join the gangs out of fear and intimidations from their peers. (Duffy, M. P. Gillig, S. E. (Eds.). (2004). Street gangs are divided in three major groups based on location, activities and entry requirements.   Ethnic gangs are based on nationality or race of the members. Most ethnic gangs unite on the basis of the ethnicities they hate.   The skinhead gangs and Neo-Nazi gangs both have hatred for Jews, blacks and non-protestant Christians.   Turf gangs are defined by the territories depending on the location of the neighbourhood.   The gangs name themselves by the areas they control and punish gangs that wander into their territory.   These territory barriers have been the cause of many rivalry and violence between street gangs. Prison gangs are formed when members of a street gang are arrested and taken to prison. Members from the same street gang may form a common gang or join other larger street gangs in the prison. Gang members attract children and young teenagers by showing off their lucrative lifestyles and amounts of money. These street gangs recruit young children who are unsuspecting to use them for trafficking drugs and carrying weapons, because they do not attract much attention form the police.   Street gangs recruit their members by performing an initiation; new members have to endure some rites which include â€Å"Jumping in†.   This is when a new member is beaten up by all old gang members.   The new members can also be told to participate in a mission such as steering or killing someone.   Some street gangs have a tattoo gang symbols which new members are required to get. The lifestyle of street gang members involve drinking and doing drugs, hanging around the neighbourhood and sleeping late at night.   During their meetings street gangs sell drugs and commit crimes like breaking stores and theft.   Street gangs believe that to gain power and respect they must commit violent crimes.   Street gangs have signs and ways of identifying themselves and these include similar modes of dressing or having a particular gang colour.   For example the vice Lord’s wear black as their symbol. Street gangs have their own graffiti which symbolize them.   They make these graffiti all around their neighbourhoods to mark heir territories. Street gang believes that invading another gang’s territory and marking it with their symbol or oven destroying their symbol is unforgivable and it calls for war.   Gangs that want to street gangs have hand signals which signify gang membership and loyalty. Graffiti is the commonest way of gang members to communicate.   Graffiti provides adequate information about a gang’s membership and the gang’s growth.   Many street gangs refer to graffiti as their newspaper for communicating messages, warnings or announcements.   Some gangs use secret codes and alphabets as their symbols which can only be interpreted by gang members. (Tovares, R. D. (2002). Tattoos are a common practice used among street gangs to show their membership.   These tattoos are adopted as a way of expressing loyalty to the gang.   All street gangs today are involved in drug trafficking.   Gang members sell drugs and alcohol to earn income.   They are also involved in acts of violence such as robbery and theft.   Members of street gangs are involved in drug abuse activities apart form seeking them   in fact the commonest practice among street gangs is trafficking and use of drugs, street gangs have started recruiting young children to traffic drugs and carry firearms and weapons because, the police do not suspect children much. Street gangs have initiations which are used to recruit new members into the gang.   These initiation ceremonies involve violent acts, where new members are beaten up by all old gang members.   These initiations are very brutal and may result to death or permanent injury.   Some street gangs do not accept a new member, unless he has killed someone or stolen a car.   For women and young girls to be accepted in a street gang, they are forced to have sex with the men in the gangs and other times they are raped.   Just like getting into a gang is difficult, getting out is more difficult and a gang member may be killed on deciding to leave the gang. Some street gang practices are very brutal and heartless. Gang members aim at leaving permanent scares on their victims.   One merciless practice performed by street gangs is the ‘Buck 50’, in this practice a member will slash another person’s face deeply, usually requiring around 50 stitches to repair. (Manwaring, M. G. (2005). Street gangs are highly concentrated in large urban areas. Those urban areas provide a conducive environment for gang activity.   The activity includes drug trafficking, selling firearms, stealing cars and robberies.   In the urban areas different street gangs will fight for control of a particular street corners which is well hidden form the activities.   Street gangs are righting populated in areas overwhelmed by poverty in the urban areas.   Street gangs usually originated from slum areas or less developed areas.   The youth in a certain neighbourhood may decide to form a gang with the innocent intention that they gang will be used to protect its members and also be a source of income. Street gangs can also be formed by teenagers in schools.   Schools that are found in highly populated cities stricken with poverty have a high tendency of forming street gangs.   Schools in urban areas form.   Street gangs move often than schools in urban areas form.   Street gangs move often than schools in rural areas.   School children in urban areas are used to traffic drugs by drug peddlers in the cities and as a result they accumulate the children in the street gangs.   Belonging to street gang is a major achievement for school going children.   They feel they have power and control by assessing drugs in schools.   Being in contact with the known drug peddlers also makes them respect among their colleagues. The MS-B street gang is the most violent street gang in the United States today.   It is mainly composed of Mexican nationals.   It is also the most largest street gang in the united state.   The 18th street gang is also a well known street gang in the United States which used violence and intimidation to spread narcotics its territory. Mara Salvatrucha is a street gang which is not afraid or intimidated easily by the authority.   This gang has been responsible for shooting several law enforcement offices and executing federal agents who interfere with its activities. Black gangster disciples, vice lords and Almighty Latin kings all based in Chicago are very notorious in drug trafficking.   They are known to use violence to control their territories and spread drugs and firearms.   Other notorious gangs in the united state include Hoover crisp, bounty Hunter Bloods and Rolling 60s crisp.   Those street gangs have very well structured organizations in their drug operation. (Wiener, V. (1999).   These organizations involve the authority and become very difficult to penetrate and break.   The organization mainly involves young adults who are used to channel profits to the top of the organization.   What makes the street gangs lucrative is the thousand of outlet in major neighbourhoods, millions of potential new customers and the always readily available jobs. Street gangs have caused a lot of violence among the public and disrupted so man lives. Robbery, carjacking, mobbing, vandalizing are some of the activities performed by these gangs.   Ã‚   Street gangs have rules among them that warn against trusting the future. Their unconcern for personal safety and other delinquent behaviors are weak concepts of future stability. Street gang members are ware that any thing can erupt without warning but still they lack any future expectations. Control or be controlled is another rule used by street gang members. They believe in respect and that one has to control another person and gain respect or be controlled by the other person and respect them. Gang members will use money, violence and disrespect the authority to gain control over a territory. This rule implies people outside the gang to mimic the lifestyle of gang members. It also inspires gang members to use abuse and violence and protect their geographical territory. This rule of control or be controlled has also created very stable relationships in a gang. Street gangs have a rule that enable them to treat insiders and outsiders differently. Members of the same gang use symbols like graffiti, similar ways of dressing, hand signals and a common language for identity. This enables them to distinguish the insider from the outsider. Street gangs use this rule to create identity, belonging, security and acceptance. It also brings unity and loyalty in the gang because they express their frustration and anger on the outsiders. Most street gangs are unsophisticated with a structure that is more horizontal than vertical. The characteristics of street gangs are very exposing. Their leadership is more expected and their ways to resolve conflicts is based on power and revenge. Street gangs have been categorized in three major groups. These include first generation gangs, second generation gangs and third generation gangs. The first generation gangs are based on territories and turfs. Their main concern is to protect their neighborhoods and gain small petty cash.   This category of street gangs rarely engages in criminal acts but when they do, they base it on locality and societal violence. The second generation of street gangs is usually business oriented. Their main aim is business and commercial gain. Unlike the first generations that has a loose leadership; the leadership in second generation is more sophisticated and centralized. Members target more on drug trafficking. These gangs extend their operations beyond their neighborhoods and cities and use high violence to control and protect their markets. Second Generation Street gangs use violence to incapacitate law enforcement efforts that are directed against them and as a result they have brought in security in communities. They are also known to be involved with larger transnational criminal organizations. Third Generation Street gangs are larger with broader drug markets and more sophisticated criminal organizations. These gangs have broader political objectives and acquire political control over areas of their interest that the poorly governed. Control of political powers provides security and freedom of the gang activities. The gang leaders in these gangs act more like warlords or drug barons because they gain control of a specific political region and as a result take treasures to protect the gang’s movement’s and activities. The third generation street gangs have succeeded in reconstructing a nation’s government politically, socially and economically. (Manwaring, M. G. (2005). Street gangs have caused a lot of havoc in the society by bringing violence, drug trafficking, recruitment of young children and political assassinations.

Whats the real problem (Supremacy Crimes) essays

What's the real problem (Supremacy Crimes) essays Supremacy by definition is supreme power or authority. In Steinems essay she discusses mens authority over women, or the lack there of. She also discusses what she feels contributed to this desire that men have. She discusses her views and supports her statements with actual accounts of this need for supremacy through murders. Steinems argument is that we teach our sons growing up to overpower women, causing them to have a desire and need to feel accepted by over powering others. She feels that the reason for these supremacy crimes is in how we raise our children. That, in this country, we raise our sons and daughters differently. Our sons learn at a young age that they should have power over women, Steinem says. She also states in her essay that our in the media is read as white, middle-class, and heterosexual. Its our sons and our can usually be read as white, middle-class, and heterosexual (Steinem 353). The use of language in an essay like this is extremely important. One aspect that helps her argument is her repetitiveness. Steinem makes her point once in plain words, then she can make her point several other ways in different context. This way, the reader will remember the point she is trying to make and he or she will remember it as he or she continues reading the essay. This is a good way of making the reader understand what her point is. If they dont get what she is saying once, she repeats it so they can understand more of it, or see more sides to her story and come to believe what she is saying. This does help her argument because it gives the impression that she has looked at the topic of discussion from all aspects and considered them all. Another way her language is effective is she admits that there are other ways of looki ...

How to Type Accents in Italian on a Keyboard

How to Type Accents in Italian on a Keyboard Suppose youre writing to an Italian friend, and you want to say something like  Di dov’à ¨ la tua famiglia?  (Where is your family from?), but you don’t know how to type the accent over the â€Å"e.† Many  words in Italian  need accent marks, and while you could just ignore all those symbols, it’s actually quite easy to type them on a computer keyboard. You only need to make a few simple adjustments to your computers keyboard program- whether you have a Mac or a PC- and youll be able to insert accented Italian  characters (à ¨, à ©, à ², , à ¹) for  any electronic message. If You Have a Mac If you an  Apple Macintosh computer, the steps for creating accent marks in Italian are quite simple. Method 1: To place an accent over: option tilde (~) / then press the ‘a’ keyà ¨ option tilde (~) / then press the ‘e’ keyà © option ‘e’ key / then press the ‘e’ key againà ² option tilde (~) / then press the ‘o’ keyà ¹ option tilde (~) / then press the ‘u’ key Method 2: Click on the Apple icon on the top left of the screen.Click System Preferences.Choose Keyboard.Choose Input Sources.Click the add button on the bottom left of the screen.Choose Italian.Click Add.In the top right-hand corner of your desktop, click on the symbol of the American flag.Choose the Italian flag. Your keyboard is now in Italian, but that means you have a whole new set of keys to learn. Semicolon key (;) à ²Apostrophe key (‘) Left bracket key ([) à ¨Shift left bracket key ([) à ©Backslash key (\) à ¹ You can also choose Show Keyboard Viewer from the flag icon drop-down to see all of the keys. If you have a PC Using Windows 10, you can actually turn your keyboard into a device that will type Italian letters, accent marks and all. Method 1: From the desktop: Choose Control PanelsGo to the Clock, Language, Region option.Select (click on) Add a LanguageA screen with dozens of language options will appear. Choose Italian. Method 2: With the NumLock key on, hold down the ALT key and strike the three- or four-digit code sequence on the keypad for the desired characters. For example, to type , the code would be â€Å"ALT 0224.† There will be different codes for capitalized and lowercase letters.Release the ALT key and the accented letter will appear. Consult the Italian Language Character Chart for the correct numbers. Tips and Hints An upper-pointing accent, as in the character , is called laccento acuto, while a downward-pointing accent, as in the character , is called laccento grave. You may also see Italians using an apostrophe after the letter e instead of typing the accent above it. While this isn’t technically correct, it’s widely accepted, such as in the sentence: Lui e’ un uomo simpatico, which means, He’s a nice guy. If you want to type without having to use codes or shortcuts, use a website, such as this one from  Italian.typeit.org, a very handy free site that provides typing symbols in a variety of languages, including Italian. You simply click on the letters you want and then copy and paste what youve written onto a word-processing document or email.

A Dialogue between Andrew Jackson and Henry Clay Research Paper

A Dialogue between Andrew Jackson and Henry Clay - Research Paper Example Before embarking upon the dialogue, it would be advisable to present a brief introduction of both the personalities under discussion. Andrew Jackson serves as one of the most influential statesmen the USA has ever produced. By dint of his talent, wisdom and foresight, he achieved the height of triumphs against his political opponents and was elected to be the seventh and eighth President of America. Jackson adopted courageous strategic policies and combated with several internal and external challenges in a successful manner. However, his economic policies are aptly criticized by the opponents to be inadequate ones. Similarly, Henry Clay is also regarded to be a considerable personality in the early history of America, who served as senator, speaker of the House of Representatives and US Secretary of State, who demonstrated his diplomatic skills while serving at the same position. He entered into conflict with President Jackson, and was among the most dominant personalities laying th e foundation stone of a new political group under the title Whig Party in 1833, which was to become an important political faction against the Jacksonian Democracy. The Dialogue: Jackson: As you know it very well sir that I had won the popular votes during 1824 elections, though I had not obtained majority votes (Nye & Morpurgo, 1955: 214). However, instead of supporting me on bagging electoral votes, you put your weight in favor of John Adam, who was not a popular leader, you see. You just gave him support for personal gains, as President Adams would appoint you as the secretary of state in order to return your favor subsequently. Clay: Mr. Jackson! It is right that I had voted in favor of President Adams, which was my right actually to let the candidate elected which I considered to be the most apposite one for this key position. However, I did not cast my vote for personal gains; rather, my appointment as the secretary of state was actually the acknowledgement of my talent and se rvices as statesman. It is therefore there appeared many diplomatic achievements in my career as secretary. I voted against you due to your unauthorized invasion on Spanish West Florida in 1818, during which you exercised cruelty and even did not hesitate to set the houses of the British and Spanish to fire as you thought that both these groups were involved into providing the Indians with financial and moral aid (Watson, 1998:31). Thus, targeting me by applying false allegations of selling my political position for personal benefits does not appear to be an appropriate way of criticism altogether. Jackson: Invasion on Spanish Florida was not my personal decision; rather President Monroe had appointed me as military governor in order to crush the revolt raised by the traitor Indians and slaves of Florida backed by the British and Spanish enemies of the country. I had the powers to crush the revolt that could put the solidarity of my country at grave jeopardy. It is therefore I appli ed all the methods that I felt inevitable for purifying the region from traitors and foes at large (Remini, 1999: 286). Since no serious revolt launched by the enemies of the country could be tarnished by applying kind and considerate measures, use of force and some cruelty was essential for gaining control over the area. Had I not dealt with this challenge in a rational manner, the USA could have lost the entire area subsequent to the revolt, you see.  

Bending moment in a beam Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bending moment in a beam - Lab Report Example l try to explain how bending occurs in simply supported beams, and it will also compare measured or the experimental values of bending moments with that of the theoretical values of the bending moments. The bending moments of different cross –sectional areas have different formulae of calculating the moments. This experiment will use a rectangular shaped cross-sectional beam for easier working and better understanding. The main objective of this simple experiment is to determine the bending of a beam that is simply supported that is subjected to the various loads that are arranged as shown below. The experiment will also help to compare the measured or the experimental values of bending moments with the values calculated using the theoretical approach. In this experiment, a simply supported beam, a spring load gauge and weights placed in weight hangers are used. A level spirit gauge is also used to check whether the beam is properly aligned. A simply supported beam is pivoted at a point and then loaded with different weights. A spring load gauge is connected to the beam at the pivot. The apparatus is as shown in the diagram. The span of the beam (L) and the distance to the bending moment position (x) from the left support are to be measured, and the values are recorded. The vertical distance between the pivot point and the spring load gauge (y) is to be measured too, and the value is recorded. The beam is then leveled by adjusting the horizontal spring load gauge and checked with a spirit level. Load hangers are then applied to the beam at the positions shown in the above diagram, and the positions are then recorded. Masses of 0.5 kilograms or 1.0 kilogram are added to the load hangers as shown in the table below. The beam is then leveled by adjusting the horizontal spring load gauge and checked with a spirit level. The reading from the horizontal spring load gauge is recorded. Remove all the loads from the hangers and repeat the steps from measuring and

Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken Essay Example for Free

Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken Essay Robert Frosts THE ROAD NOT TAKEN talks about the everyday choices that one makes while traveling down the road of life. In the first stanza the speaker introduces the poem by saying Two roads diverged in a yellow woodThis is interesting because it is suggests that there are two actual roads, as opposed to figurative roads. Then the speaker goes on to say And sorry I could not travel bothThis is one of the most powerful lines in the poem; because no matter whom the reader is they will relate to the feeling of regret, and sadness over a missed opportunity. When one reads something that they are able to connect with the piece of work then becomes that much more meaningful. And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth. These last three lines in the first stanza are almost comical, because they paint such a clear picture of human nature. You as a reader can actually see yourself standing at the cross roads of life; trying to foresee what obstacles and opportunities you will have, as a result of the decision you are being forced to make. But try though you may, you will never really know for certain what the outcome of your decisions will be. In the forth and fifth line of the third stanza the speaker says Yet knowing how way, leads on to way I doubted if I should ever come back. This line verbalizes a sense of nostalgia that the speaker has, as well as a sense of determination not to look back at the same time; this is quite interesting and could only be the result of meticulously chosen words. In the forth (final) stanza the speaker again relays a felling of nostalgia, when he says I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence. The speaker closes the poem with a sense of pride and accomplishment by announcing Two roads Diverged in a wood, and I- I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference. By ending this poem the way that Robert Frost chose to, it is apparent that he is trying to send a message to his readers, through the lips of the speaker. This message is one that everyone should not only read, but  embrace. The message is to follow you instincts and listen to your conscience, and you will be led to a future that is filled with happiness and success. Far too many people are afraid to find their own way, and are much more content going along with the crowd. But in the end it is those that follow their hearts that end up where the want to be.

Sports, Athletes, and Nutirion - Athletic Fuel :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Pure Athletic Fuel      Ã‚  Ã‚   An athlete's diet must include foods particularly suited for the athlete's sport. This has been an area of great study in recent years. Researchers are creating diets that provide athletes with the foods that contain high levels of the nutrients needed for each particular sport. For an athlete to have proper nutrition in sports, one must have knowledge of the six classes of nutrients and the four basic food groups. The six classes of nutrients are water, vitamins, minerals, fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Each class plays a different role in the energy cycle of the body.    Water is essential. An adult male body weight is about 60 percent water. The average person needs two and a half liters of water a day. It is also known that a person's water mass is replaced every 11 to 13 days under light physical activity (Smith 91). With these facts in mind, it is understandable why an athlete, who undergoes heavy physical exertion, has an extreme need for large quantities of water. This water comes from the intake of all fluids and food during a day.    Vitamins are needed in small amounts. It was the last class to be discovered. It is divided in to fat-soluble and water-soluble groups of vitamins. Vitamins help regulate body functions and are not a direct source of energy. Vitamins are needed in such small quantities that a person's natural diet will provide most of the necessary amounts (Smith 5-7).    The third class is minerals. This class is divided into the minerals needed in large amounts and the minerals needed in small amounts. The minerals needed in larger quantities include sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, sulfur, phosphorus, and various chlorides. Sodium is needed in extremely large amounts for very active athletes. This is because a person's sweat contains sodium; profuse sweating will cause a large drop in the sodium level of the body. Potassium is directly associated with muscle cells and muscle fatigue. It affects the amount of water a person's body will hold. The other large-amount needed minerals provide for an athlete but have no direct effect on an athlete's performance. The trace minerals number about fourteen.

Emergence of Communicative Language Teaching

Discuss the three terms â€Å"Approach†, â€Å"Method† and â€Å"Technique† and describe one Approach which provides the basis for a Method and subsequently some Techniques under that particular Method. APPROACH Theories about the nature of language and language learning Theory of language Structural Functional Interactional METHOD Objectives Organization of Content Syllabus Design Roles 1. Learner2. Teacher3. Materials Types of Interaction Types of activitiesContent Based TECHNIQUEImplementation of the design Classroom Practice Activities behavior's In English language teaching process, there are terms that teachers need to know. They are approach, method, and technique. About four decades ago (1963) Edward M. Anthony gave us a definition that has admirably withstood the test of time. According to Edward M. Anthony an approach is a set of correlative assumptions dealing with the nature of the language and the nature of language teaching and learning. In other w ords the word ‘approach’ in ELT refers to different theories about the nature of language and how languages are learned.Let us move on to our second definition – of method. Method is an overall plan for systematic presentation of language based on selected approach. It consists of a number of techniques, arranged in an order. When we talk about techniques we mean specific activities which take place in a classroom. Using flash cards in the classroom is a technique. Techniques must be consistent with a method, and therefore in harmony with an approach too. According to Longman Dictionary of Applied Linguistics, Approach refers to different theories about the nature of the language and how languages are learned.Method refers to a way of teaching a language based on systematic principles. It is an application of views on how language is taught and learned. Technique refers to what takes place in the classroom. The forthcoming analysis focuses on the behaviourist app roach, the audio lingual method and different drilling techniques. The Audio-Lingual Method The Audio-lingual method is a style of teaching used in teaching foreign languages. It is based on behaviorist theory. Behaviourist theory professes that certain traits of living things could be trained through a system of reinforcement.The Audio-lingual method was widely used in the United States and other countries in the 1950’s and 1960’s. The theory underlying Audio-lingual method is that ‘language is primarily speech’. If listening and speaking skills were developed, they would form the foundation for developing reading and writing skills. As learning a language is acquiring a certain set of habits, this method recommends that the teachers of English should take up pronunciation practice, pattern drills and conversation practice in their classroom regularly.Another principle that has become the basis for this method is that all of us have learnt our languages b y listening to the language spoken by others and speaking it starting with monosyllabic disyllabic sounds. According to ELT experts a second language can be learnt in this way. The Audio-lingual method is a method that deals with a behaviorist theory that uses stimulus, response, and reinforcement. STIMULUSRESPONSEREINFORCEMENT Here are some psychological foundations of the Audio-lingual method. Foreign language learning is basically a process of mechanical habit formation.Good habits are formed by giving correct responses rather than by mistakes. By memorizing dialogues and performing pattern drills the chances of producing mistakes are minimized. Language is verbal behaviour. Language skills are learned more effectively if they are presented orally first, then in written or printed form. An analogy provides a better foundation for language learning than analysis. Analogy involves the process of generalization and discrimination. Explanation of how language functions under certain rules is not given by the teacher.Students should practice a pattern in different contexts and arrive at the analogy between the first and the second language. The teaching of grammar is best done inductively rather than deductively. The meanings that the words of a language have for the native speaker can be learnt only in a linguistic and cultural context and not in isolation. Teaching a language thus involves teaching aspects of the cultural system of that people who speak the language. Dialogues and drills form the basis of Audio-lingual classroom practices.The use of drills and pattern practice is a distinctive feature of the Audio-lingual method. Various kinds of drills are used. Types of Oral Drills Repetition: where the student repeats an utterance as soon as he hears it Teacher: This is the seventh month. Student: This is the seventh month Inflection: Where one word in a sentence appears in another form when repeated Teacher: I ate the sandwich. Student: I ate the sandwiche s. Replacement: Where one word is replaced by another Teacher: He bought the car for half-price. Student: He bought it for half-price. Restatement: The student re-phrases an utteranceTeacher: Tell me not to smoke so often. Student: Don't smoke so often! Completion: where the student repeats the utterance in completed form. Techer: I’ll go my way and you go. Student: I’ll go my way and you go yours. Instruction materials in the Audio-lingual method assist the teacher to develop language mastery in the learner. †¢Tape recorders †¢Audiovisual equipments †¢Language laboratory In the late 1950s, the theoretical underpinnings of the method were questioned by linguists such as Noam Chomsky, who pointed out the limitations of structural linguistics.Despite being discredited as an effective teaching methodology in 1970, audio-lingualism continues to be used today. REFERENCES ?Richard. C. Jack and Rodgers. S. Theodore. 2003. Approaches and Methods in Language Teac hing . The Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. ?Rao Venugopal, K. 2002. Methods of Teaching English. Neelkamal Publications. pvt. ltd ? Allen, B. Teaching English as a Second Language. 1965. ?http//www. mindmeister. com ?http://en. Wikipedia. Org/wiki/audio-lingual-method

Administrative Problems

Administration and management remains to be an integral process shaping the educational sector. Here, it carries out leadership approaches in dealing with the purpose and objectives surrounding educators in meeting the needs of students.It takes into account themes that allows the faculty to recognize current trends and responsive efficiently. By trying to draw out particular strategies it provides opportunities to facilitate educational success, draw out faculty empowerment, and foster institutional growth. With such dynamics, decision making on a day-to-day basis becomes synchronized with what is essential in accordance to school objectives and policies.This paper seeks to outline how educational administration themes are constantly applied on a day-to-day basis. It takes into account themes related to organizational culture, organizational change, and communication practices between administrators and educators.In particular, the paper finds distinction and common actions shaping action and decision making between two administrators. By synthesizing opinions and responses from two educational administrators, better understanding can be made on how these administrators respond to school objectives and educational administration.IntervieweesThe first respondent is John Morris. He is a principal of Garland High School since 2001. With numerous years of experience in the school, he remains competent about Garland High School’s organization and continues to align specific policies in relation to the needs of both students and faculty (Garland High School, 2007).Having earned his bachelor’s degree in Stephen Austin University and Masters in Educational Administration, he provides wonderful insights on areas related to organizational culture, communication, and organizational change.The second interviewee is Linda Glassel. She is an administrator at Garland Christian Academy for almost five years. She finished her Bachelor’s degree in Psycholog y and pursued her Masters in Educational Administration.With her background and experience in dealing with educators and students from elementary to high school, it can be argued that she is competent to address issues related to administration and management.Organizational CultureLooking closely at the responses made by Linda and John concerning organizational culture, it can be seen that they have similar responses about its importance in their respective schools. Both believed that enhancing a process of a facilitative and supportive school environment enriches opportunities for students, faculties, and administrators to become responsive to their respective needs.Similarly, both also considered the need to recognize diversity as an essential process shaping education. By taking into account diversity, it encourages better cohesion of strategies and provides solutions to daily problems (Ornstein and Lunenberg, 2007).On the other hand, Linda and John opinions diverge when they tal k about how to deal with conformity and professional excellence. Here, it can be seen that Linda sees the need to constantly motivate people to become responsible and accountable to their respective roles within the school.It is through this process that they can open up and become adaptive to change and abide with specific and given standards. If there are existing conflicts, it gives easier means to resolve issues and conform to the norms provided.In contrast, John sees this daily problem as part of the role and responsibility of an educator and administrator. He believes that since standards and expectations are given accordingly, each one must be keen and responsible enough to function according to these parameters. Here, John sees the issue as more of an individual endeavor compared to Linda’s perspective that it must be a collective process.Organizational ChangeAssessing the responses made by John and Linda with regards to organizational change, it can be seen that thei r opinions agree on the idea that change is inevitable.They both see it as an opportunity to grow and function in accordance to the changing needs of their respective schools. Since organizational change can induce varied responses among members of the school, it is then crucial to clearly identify these resistances so appropriate attention can be made (Ornstein and Lunenberg, 2007).Likewise, Linda and John also believed that addressing problems of organizational change on a daily basis means incorporating aims and objectives by administrators. By advocating these policies, administrative problems can be alleviated and addressed in a more efficient manner.On the other hand, the main difference between John and Linda’s responses revolve around specific mechanisms that can be used to address organizational resistance and accountability problems. Specifically, Linda is more of a facilitative type, seeking to interact and develop an environment where teachers feel comfortable in their work and responsibility.She believes that this would then provide the necessary means to infuse better means to generate better reaction and feedback from employees.On the contrary, John seeks to expand communication lines and openness among his people. He believes that resistance only happens because individuals do not see the bigger picture or just too comfortable with the original setup of things. However, by bridging these gaps on a daily basis, educators and administrators can fully understand the situation and prevent confusions from happening.CommunicationThe last area discussed with the interviewees revolves around administrative problems related to communication. Here, Linda and John were asked specific questions on their perspective and opinions on how this problem can be solved daily and what specific means are available that each one can utilize.Reviewing the responses made by the two, it can be seen that their similarities revolve around the recognition that confl ict is inevitable in any organization. Likewise, both also believed that resolving conflict, miscommunication, and other hurdles in communication would mean establishing specific dynamics that opens up and diversifies how people interact both formally and informally.Again, like the previous two questions, Linda and John differ in their capacity to apply these changes in their schools. Since their respective educational environments vary in specific patterns of communication and level of professionalism, the methods used to address conflict and resolve issues are also different.For example, Linda argued the need to create an environment of openness and respect other people’s opinions concerning a specific issue. This would then help limit miscommunication and development of factions within the school.On the other hand, since John’s scope and responsibility is much bigger compared to Linda, he sees the need to establish appropriate protocols and rules that teachers shoul d follow. By developing a standard on how people can communicate, it can help establish a professional and responsible means to interact. Also, it can be argued that this is his solution on communication problems in his school on a daily basis.Analysis of Inputs and Responses from IntervieweesSummarizing the whole of the interview process, Linda Glassel and John Morris provided significant feedback of how administrators operate on educational issues related to their field. Here, it can be seen that each one provided ideas, opinions, and experiences on how they manage and further administrative goals in their respective schools.Assessing their responses, it can be seen that similarities are apparent in the manner on how leadership, responsibility, and open communication remains crucial in addressing organizational culture, organizational change, and communication (Refer to Appendix for more details). Each one believed that these principles help administrators become responsive with d aily issues revolving around their practice.On the other hand, distinctions can also be seen in the way Linda and John provided specific means of how the three elements can be addressed. It can be argued that since organizations vary according to culture as well as organizational dynamics, administrators must look into means to integrate their capabilities to ensure that administrative functions are met effectively (Fiore, 2004).That is why the strategies elaborated by the two interviewees correspond to what their organization needs. Also, such result goes to show how subjective and circumstantial the process of educational administration is. That is why administrators must be keen to analyze and interpret situations within their jurisdiction so that appropriate actions related to leadership and communication can be established (Musella and Davis, 1991).ConclusionOverall, the replies made by both Linda and John showcase the different dynamics involved in educational administration. Though their answers may vary in some aspects, both have identified important precepts that looks into enhancing communication, the importance of leadership and reinforcing responsibility.By taking into account daily administrative problems, it goes to show the value of decision making and strategies used by administrators in resolving the issue.ReferencesFiore, D.J. (2004) Introduction to educational administration: standards, theories, and practice.(US: Eye on Education).Garland Christian Academy. (2009) Mission Statement. Retrieved fromhttp://www.garlandchristian.com/about-gca/mission-statement/Garland High School. (2007) Administration. Retrieved fromHelping Pauline Face Her Sister DeathMusella, D. and Davis, J. (1991) Chapter 12: Assessing Organizational Culture: Implications forLeaders in Organizational Change. Understanding school administration issues: studies of the contemporary chief education officer. eds. Kenneth Leithwood and Donald Musella. (US: Routledege).Ornstein, A .C. and Lunenburg, F.C. (2007) Educational Administration: Concepts andPractices. (US: Cengage Learning).

The Best IB Math Study Guide and Notes for SL

The Best IB Math Study Guide and Notes for SL/HL SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips IB Math SL and IB Math HL are two of the toughest classes in the IB curriculum. It’s no surprise if you need a little extra help in either class. I’ve compiled this article of the best free online materials for IB Math SL/HL so you can get all the IB Math notes you need in one place. For convenience, I ordered the resources following the IB Math SL/HL syllabus. How To Use This IB Math Guide If you’re in search of information on one topic, use the Command + F function on your computer to search this guide for that specific topic. For instance, if you want to read about Algebraic Sequences, use Command + F to bring up the search function. Type â€Å"Algebraic Sequences,† and you’re computer will show you all of the study materials for Algebraic Sequences. I split the material into three categories: Broad Notes: Longer (generally 3-10 pages) that provide an overview of most or all of the subjects covered in a topic. Specific Subject: Shorter summaries of specific subjects within a topic. Video: demonstration videos of how to solve past paper problems related to the subject. Common Study Errors IB Math SL/HL Students Make IB Math SL/HL cover a lot of material. With so much material, you can’t afford to fall behind because you won’t be able to catch back up. You need to master the subjects during the school year in order to excel on the IB Math SL/HL papers. Common errors are: Ignoring the material you don’t understand. If you didn’t understand it from your teacher, you need to look for outside help, possibly in this IB Math study guide or for even more help consider tutoring. Only studying right before the IB Math SL/HL papers. As I said before, there are too many topics for both courses to master in only a couple weeks (that’s why these courses are spread over a couple years). Master the subjects when you’re learning them in class. Use this study guide or hire a tutor if you need extra help: Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Core Topics- 140 Hours for SL and 182 Hours for HL For IB Math SL and HL, all students study the topics listed below. Here are a complete set of IB Math notes. Complete IB Math Overview: Standard Level This 167-page set of notes includes every topic covered in IB Math SL. It's definitely not something you want to read in one night, but it's great to reference as you review different IB Math topics. It's highly organized, so you can search the table of contents to find the exact topic you want to study. Topic 1: Algebra Broad Notes: Topic 1: Algebra Specific Subject: Arithmetic and geometric series Arithmetic and geometric sequences Binomial theorem Completing the square Number sets, approximation, and scientific notation Videos: Arithmetic Sequences and Series Geometric Sequences and Series Sigma Notation Exponents (Laws and Solving) Logarithms (Laws and Solving) Binomial Theorem Topic 2: Functions and Equations Broad Notes: Topic 2: Functions and Equations Specific Subject: Composite function Concept and notation Exponentials and logarithms Exponential functions Factor theorem Inverse function Quadratic functions Quadratic forms Quadratic functions Transformations Functions Videos Functions (Domain and Range, Composite, Inverse) Functions (Transformations) Factorising Quadrants Completing the Square (Quadratics) Discriminant Test Rational Functions (Asymptotes and Sketching) Exponential and Logarithmic Functions Sketching Functions With a Calculator Topic 3: Circular Functions and Trigonometry Broad Notes: Topic 3: Circular Functions and Trigonometry Specific Subject: Equations of lines Trig ratios Sine and cosine rules Trigonometry Videos Radians, Length of Arc, Area of Sector Unit Circle and Trig Ratios Trig Identities Trig Graphs (Circular Functions) Solving Trig Functions Sine and Cosine Rules, Area of a Triangle Degrees vs Radians Topic 4: Vectors Broad Notes: Topic 4: Vectors Specific Subject: 2D and 3D lines Basic vector arithmetic Intro to vectors More on lines Scalar product Videos Vectors: Basics Scalar Product and Angle Between Two Vectors Vector Equation of a Line Intersection of Two Vector Lines Topic 5: Statistics and Probability Broad Notes: Topic 5: Statistics and Probability Specific Subject: Binomial distribution Probability rules Probability Set theory Logic review Representations of probability Continuous variables Discrete variables Standard deviation Statistics representations Stats vocabulary Using normal distributions Normal distribution Two variable statistics Videos Mean, Standard Deviation, and Variance Bivariate Statistics Venn Diagrams and Probability Conditional Probability Probability Distribution Binomial Distribution Normal Distribution Topic 6: Calculus Broad Notes: Topic 6: Calculus Calculus I Calculus II Specific Subject: Derivatives by first principle Intro to derivatives Derivatives of more complex functions Derivatives part 1 Derivatives part 2 Intro to integration Indefinite integrals Kinematics Limits Local max and min Optimization Tangent and normals Volumes of revolution Videos Differentiation Rules Equation of a Tangent Optimisation and Calculus Curves Integration Rules Integration by Substitution Volume of Revolution Kinematics Options- 48 Hours for HL Only IB Math HL students study one of the following four options listed below. There are fewer written notes for these topics, but you still have many videos and practice questions to use for your review. Topic 7: Statistics and Probability Videos Practice questions: Discrete random variables Practice questions: Probability density functions and cumulative distribution functions Practice questions: Correlation Practice questions: Regression Topic 8: Sets, Relations, and Groups Videos Practice questions: domain and range Practice questions: inverse functions Topic 9: Calculus Videos Practice questions: Maclaurin's series Practice questions: Taylor's series Practice questions: Exact equations (integrating factors) Substitution types Topic 10: Discrete Mathematics Videos Summary: The Best IB Math Study Materials IB Math has six Core Topics that both SL and HL students study, as well as one of four Options that HL students will also study. There are many free IB Math notes and study resources available online, especially when compared to other IB classes, which often have few high-quality online resources. This makes it easier to keep up with what you're learning in IB Math and be prepared for all the exams for the class. There are multiple types of IB Math study resources, including general study guides, in-depth notes, and videos you can watch. Try out each of them to see which ones work best with your study style. Remember, you want to study early and consistently in order to be well prepared throughout the school year. What’s Next? Learn more about IB Math: Every IB Math Past Paper Available: Free and Official Looking for more resources for IB Math review? Check out our articles on trig identities, completing the square, finding the mean of a set of numbers, and calculating statistical significance. Learn more about other IB classes: IB Biology Past Paper Available: Free and Official Every IB Business and Management Past Paper Available: Free and Official Where to Find IB Chemistry Past Papers - Free and Official Every IB Geography Past Paper Available: Free and Official Every IB History Past Paper Available: Free and Official Every IB Economics Past Paper Available: Free and Official Every IB English Past Paper Available: Free and Official The Complete IB Extended Essay Guide: Examples, Topics, and Ideas Where to Find IB Physics Past Papers - Free and Official Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

If Sans Que Talks Supposition, Use the Subjunctive

If Sans Que Talks Supposition, Use the Subjunctive Sans que (without) is a conjunctive phrase (locution conjonctive) that requires the subjunctive when theres uncertainty or supposition. The expression indicates a simultaneity of actions or a negative consequence.  Note that when you use sans que and you wish to express negation, add the more formal ne explà ©tif  (ne  without pas)  in the position you would normally find ne:   Je le fais sans quil ne me voie.   I do it without him seeing me. More examples of sans que: Tà ¢che de tapprocher sans quon te voie.Try to get close without anyone seeing you. Ils ont rà ©glà © le problà ¨me sans que nous ayons intervenir.  They dealt with the problem without us having to intervene. Le projet à ©tait passà © sans que personne (ne) sy opposà ¢t.  The bill was passed without any opposition. The Heart of the Subjunctive This goes to the heart of the subjunctive  mood, which  is used to express actions or ideas that are subjective or otherwise uncertain, such as will/wanting, emotion, doubt, possibility, necessity and judgment. The subjunctive can seem overwhelming, but the thing to remember is: the subjunctive subjectivity or  unreality. Use this mood enough and it will become second nature...and quite expressive. The French subjunctive  is nearly always found in dependent clauses introduced by  que  or  qui, and the subjects of the dependent and main clauses are usually different. For example:      Je veux que tu le fasses.   I want you to do it.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il faut que nous partions.   Ã‚  It is necessary that we leave. Dependent Clauses Take the Subjunctive When They: Contain verbs and expressions that express someones will, an  order, a need, a piece of advice or a desireContain verbs and expressions of emotion or feeling, such as fear, happiness, anger, regret, surprise, or any other sentimentsContain verbs and expressions of doubt, possibility, supposition  and opinionContain verbs and expressions, such as  croire que  (to believe that),  dire que  (to say that),  espà ©rer que  (to hope that),  Ãƒ ªtre certain que (to be certain that),  il paraà ®t que  (it appears that),  penser que  (to think that),  savoir que  (to know that),  trouver que  (to find/think that) and  vouloir dire que (to mean that), which only require the subjunctive when the clause is  negative or interrogatory. They  do  not  take the subjunctive when they are used in the affirmative, because they express facts that are considered certain- at least in the speakers mind.Contain French  conjunctive phrases  (locutions conjonc tives), groups of two or more words that have the same function as a conjunction and imply supposition.   Contain the  negative pronouns  ne ... personne  or  ne ... rien, or the  indefinite pronouns  quelquun  or  quelque chose.Follow main clauses containing  superlatives. Note that in such cases,  the subjunctive is optional, depending on how concrete the speaker feels about what is being said.   Why Sans Que Takes the Subjunctive Sans que  is one of the conjunctive phrases (locutions conjonctives)  described in number 5, many of which are listed below. These require the subjunctive because they imply uncertainty and subjectivity; it is best to try to memorize them, although you can also decide according to the meaning of the tense.  Sans que  belongs to a subset of this category called opposition conjunctions, such as  bien que, sauf que, malgrà © que and others. These Conjunctive Phrases Take the Subjunctive condition que   provided that moins que  Ã‚  unless supposer que  Ã‚  assuming thatafin que  Ã‚  so thatavant que  Ã‚  beforebien que  Ã‚  althoughde crainte que  Ã‚  for fear thatde faà §on que  Ã‚  so that, in order that, in such a way thatde manià ¨re que  Ã‚  so thatde peur que  Ã‚  for fear thatde sorte que  Ã‚  so thaten admettant que  Ã‚  assuming thaten attendant que  Ã‚  while, untilencore que  Ã‚  even thoughjusqu ce que  Ã‚  untilpour que  Ã‚  so thatpourvu que  Ã‚  provided thatquoique  Ã‚  even thoughquoi que  Ã‚  whatever, no matter whatsans que  Ã‚  without AdditionalResources The French SubjunctiveFrench ConjunctionsThe Subjunctivator!Quiz: Subjunctive  or indicative?Expressions with  sans

Research Paper (discussion and conclusion)_1 Essay

Research Paper (discussion and conclusion)_1 - Essay Example Almost all the studies both from past literature and from present concur in terms of findings. However, no study has ever dug deep into the challenges this corporation is facing, as hinted in the literature review section. Most studies have always just concentrated on the challenges in general without a specific focus on a particular problem. Furthermore, the past studies viewed Kuehne+Nagel a company always on the upward trend (Johnson, 2010). Unfortunately, none tried to find out the tribulations behind Kuehne+Nagel’s constant and incessant improvements. However, contrary to what most past investigations have found out, the findings of this research are different. Kuehne+Nagel has faced and is still facing a broad range of challenges as it grows, especially the cost positioning. Achieving the company goal of being the key globe player in the Aerospace logistics sector has undergone through numerous problems pertaining to market structure, which according to Easterby (2012), almost rubbished its achievements. A scrutiny of the findings reveals that none of the past literature failed to observe the struggle Kuehne+Nagel has had with cost positioning, and market structure at large. Rousseau (2015) in his findings, found out that at one point, the company had to lower its prices significantly, a fact that caused a reduction in the company benefits that year. It was necessitated by the sudden shake in the aerospace logistics’ prices during that time, and partly contributed to by the rigid business model the company had. Needless to say, a business model is the determining factor in a company’s success. On that note, it is expected that a particular model applied by a company should always be flexible and able to accommodate sudden market changes wi thout affecting the company’s operations. Fortunately, the Kuehne+Nagel Corporation is not just operating

Prototyping Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Prototyping - Essay Example The system analyst in point of fact constructs a useful structure of the solution throughout design. Prototyping encompasses developing a functional system quickly and reasonably for end user to weigh up. By communicating with the prototype users can search out an improved suggestion of the information requirements. The prototype authorized by the users can be used as a model to build the ultimate system. The prototype is a functioning adaptation of software or an element of the software, but it is intended to be no more than a foundational model. Once prepared, the prototype will be additionally developed until it obeys the rules accurately to user’s requirements. Once the design has been completed, the prototype can be transformed to a sophisticated developed system. The method of developing a foundational design, making use of it, refining it and trying again has been acknowledged an iterative method of systems development for the reason that the steps essential to develop a system can be repetitive over and over again (Laudon & Laudon, 1999). Prototyping is further openly iterative than the traditional life cycle, and it dynamically encourages system design changes. It has been thought that prototyping substitutes unintentional modification with premeditated iteration, with each adaptation more exactly demonstrating user’s requirements (Laudon & Laudon, 1999). The system builder observes all the changes demanded by the user and modify the prototype consequently. After the prototype has been refined, the cycle proceeds to Phase 3. Phase 3 and 4 are continued until the user is pleased. When no more repetitions are necessary, the accepted prototype then turns out to be a functional prototype that provides the ultimate specification for the application. Some times the prototype itself is implemented as the final adaptation of the system (Laudon & Laudon, 1999). Prototype is mainly functional when there is some ambiguity about user