Keystone Pipeline political, economic and environmental implications

Cornerstone Pipeline political, monetary and natural ramifications Presentation The Keystone XL pipeline is an endeavor that is assessed to cover a separation of around one thousand 900 kilometers of thirty-six inch width in shipping raw petroleum that extending from Hardisty, Alberta and stretching out as far as possible south to Steele city of Nebraska. Cornerstone XL pipeline venture is basic for the improvement of the economy and upgraded vitality sustainability.Advertising We will compose a custom research project test on Keystone Pipeline political, monetary and natural ramifications explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More likewise, the pipeline undertaking will be basic in empowering simple access of oil creations by the US oil makers. Indeed, the undertaking will profit significantly from the huge oil markets existing in the US. The task that is assessed to cost $5.3 billion, the biggest transportation adventure in the US as of now is relied upon to accompany various ramifications concerning the political, financial and natura l viewpoints. Consequently, the examination will investigate the political, financial and natural ramifications of the Keystone XL pipeline. Generally, grasping the ramifications of political, monetary and natural factors before endorsement of significant undertakings, for example, the Gateway Pipeline is basic (McAllister 54). The primary goal of the examination is to inspect the ramifications of political, ecological and monetary factors before the foundation of the Keystone XL pipeline. The financial, political and natural ramifications have not regularly been basically taken a gander at while supporting significant ventures, for example, Keystone Pipeline. Looking at the ramifications of such factors is significant before such activities are embraced. In this manner, the investigation of the monetary, political and natural ramifications is basic for both scholarly and functional purposes. Writing audit The writing examination will give a depiction of the pertinent significant da ta on the monetary, political just as the natural ramifications of the endorsement or the rebuff of the Keystone pipeline venture. In particular, the writing audit centers around different investigations that have been directed on the ecological, political and monetary ramifications of comparative activities around the globe. As per the examinations that have been led, the ecological, political and monetary ramifications of significant ventures, for example, the Keystone XL pipeline are enormous (Wang 545).Advertising Looking for research paper on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Studies have shown that ventures are affirmed in light of the current situation where the advantages override the expenses and negative impacts (Wang 545). Best oil and gas pipeline ventures have more noteworthy financial advantages to the enterprises just as the general monetary development of the nation or nations it assoc iates. In addition, ecological ramifications are exceptionally considered by a large portion of the oil and gas pipeline ventures. The explanation is that the oil and gas have extraordinary effect on nature if there should be an occurrence of spillage. Indeed, the greater part of the investigations on the natural ramifications of oil and gas industry have barely centered around such effects (Hirschberg 15). In any case, the impact of condition goes past the pipeline to the discharges that are created by the pipelines just as related enterprises. Political ramifications All significant activities have political ramifications going from political dynamic procedure to government connections. The usage of significant undertakings requires political will and government participation as far as assets the board, security and monetary commitments (Harnly 23). In the conditions that the venture includes numerous political limits, between legislative relationship is profoundly required. Also, both private division and governments money the vast majority of the significant activities. The Keystone XL pipeline that must be embraced across different states. For the task to prevail there is requirement for state participation. The pipeline development will have consequences for different ecological laws just as state guidelines. Be that as it may, legitimate necessities can be altered to suit the formative needs of the pipeline. Generally, the pipeline will have minimal political ramifications. Monetary ramifications The development of the venture will utilize around 9,000 master American work units. As such, business possibilities will be accessible to the welders, mechanics, circuit testers and pipefitters. Also, openings for work will be offered regarding wellbeing facilitators, overwhelming gear administrators and other faculty in the development business to continue their vocations (Harnly 23). Further, contemplates show that around 7,000 500 work openings in the US ar e continued by the steel producing enterprises. On a basic level, the makers of steel pipes, fittings, valves, siphons just as control gadgets are greater recipients of oil pipeline ventures.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Keystone Pipeline political, financial and natural ramifications explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More TransCanada Corporation, the Alberta based Energy Company that works in the turn of events and activity of vitality framework in North America, has an association with more than fifty sellers in different states inside the US. The partnership has utilized more than 3,000 500 Americans in the development of the Gulf Coast pipeline. Above all, the structure of both the Keystone XL and the Gulf Coast pipelines will have positive monetary ramifications in wording continues to the neighborhood and state governments. For example, the undertakings are relied upon to produce over $20 billion to the general economy just as $100 million in nearby governments salary and $490 million to the state governments. Further, the pipeline adventures will create over $5 billion regarding property charges. Canadian Energy Research Institute fights that the Keystone pipeline will support the America’s GDP as far as continues and formation of work openings in the following twenty-two years. In particular, the organization battles that the venture will help the US total national output by $175 billion and profit 1.9 million-man long stretches of work. By and large, the pipeline adventure will make work prospects just as create charge continues to the state governments subsequently prompting the development of the economy (McAllister 54). In any case, American families will land positions as welders, mechanics, gear administrators, truck drivers and workers in this manner improving their vocations. Second, the endeavor has the capability of making various business openings, for example, clearing, housing and conven ience just as upkeep gear achieved by popularity for the nearby merchandise and ventures. Ultimately, the undertaking will support the occupations of the general public just as increment the progression of duty continues as far as property burdens over the US. The duty incomes will be priceless in the activities and backing of the neighborhood programs, fiasco administrations, wellbeing and instructive programs.Advertising Searching for research project on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Natural ramifications The development of Keystone pipeline promised to embrace the security measures thinking about the ecological ramifications. As a matter of fact, pipelines are considered the most secure and the most capable medium through which petroleum derivatives can be moved (McAllister 84). In the United States, more than ninety-five percent of oil and flammable gas pipelines transports are sheltered and unswerving. The pipeline adventure has fused exceptional wellbeing conditions in its structure and the development. At the end of the day, the venture has included remote-controlled shut off valves just as increasing the assessment of the pipelines, covering the channels further into the ground and utilizing strong funnels at stream intersections. The foreseen Keystone agenda has recognized the criticalness of the nearby land and topsoil protection along these lines proficiently play out the development considering the significance of land recovery process. Further, with th e huge involvement with the structure and the activity of pipelines, TransCanada Company has concocted measures that will limit antagonistic impacts to the jeopardized species, environment, water intersections just as the paleontological assets. Additionally, the pipeline’s cutting edge controls will give refreshes concerning any issues inside the pipeline. Conversation and Analysis From the investigation, quantitative execution boundaries are exceptionally imperative in the assurance of the suggestions. The direct monetary additions, the open discernments and the conceivable natural peril decide the quantitative estimates that are utilized. In view of the boundaries the ramifications of the components was underlined. As per the investigation discoveries, nature gets one of the significant worries by the general population as well as the industrialists and the legislatures. Thus, the task has taken sharp measures to turn away any ecological risks that may happen. Another sign ificant ecological angle that came out is the means by which the undertaking just as related businesses will manage the issues of carbon emanations. The significant contention was that the pipeline builds the use of carbon powers that causes an expansion in the emanations. In any case, the defenders of the venture contend that the measures taken are as per the worldwide necessities and conditions that have been set up to diminish carbon emanations into the environment. Moreover, the US ecological guidelines necessitate that organizations dad

Experiencing History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Encountering History - Essay Example Individuals who were somewhat away from the explosion point previously encountered the blaze and heat, and a couple of moments later an uproarious clamor was joined by an impact wave. Practically all structures inside a mile of the impact had crumpled, and practically all structures inside a three-mile run were harmed. Structures that made due with no harm represented under 10 percent of the complete structure in the city. â€Å"Out of 76,327 structures, more than 50,000 are destroyed† (Yep 22). The impact was ground-breaking to such an extent that the wave had glass broken even twelve miles from the purpose of blast. Indeed, even individuals miles from ground zero in a flash responded such that they had been hit by a bomb. Little salvage groups before long started to work, anyway 50% of Hiroshima’s populace was either dead or harmed. In regions which were most noticeably terrible hit nearly everybody endured genuine wounds. Before long a huge fire storm ejected which was caused because of the converging of a few other little flames around the city. This firestorm eventually secured around four and a half square miles of the city, killing nearly each and every individual who was harmed and couldn't get away from the initial couple of moments of the impact. â€Å"Injuries from the impact, and from fragmented glass and falling trash, happened all through the city and beyond† (Lifton 20). Help and salvage groups from outside came in gradually as the Government of Japan didn't have a clue what had occurred without a doubt even hours after the assault. All message and radio correspondence from Hiroshima had unexpectedly stopped from 8:16 am.

Why Crowdfunding Campaigns Fail and What Can Be Done to Avoid It

Why Crowdfunding Campaigns Fail and What Can Be Done to Avoid It © Shutterstock.com | SentavioIn this article, we explore 1) an introduction to crowdfunding, 2) why do crowdfunding campaigns fail and 3) what can be done to avoid your crowdfunding campaign to fail.INTRODUCTION TO CROWDFUNDING1) What is crowdfunding?Crowdfunding is a process of fund collection where money is typically collected from a large number of contributors via the internet. The crowdfunding process usually has three components:The idea: There is always a core idea or motive behind a project. The idea is proposed by the initiators or owners of the project to the contributors.The contributors: Contributors are the group of people who come together on a unique platform to fund a project.The platform: The platform is the regulating mechanism that brings together the initiators and the contributors. It is usually the crowdfunding website.2) Advantages of crowdfundingThe crowdfunding process, if executed impeccably, presents a lot of advantages:It costs nothing! Crowdfunding is th e perfect answer for budding entrepreneurs like you who cannot afford to set aside huge sums for advertising and promotion.It provides a ready source of funds or capital. It frees you from the hassles of having to approach banks or other financial institutions and clear a lot of complicated formalities to solicit funds.It reduces the risk of potential losses. In a crowdfunded project, losses are hedged.It results in an organized internet marketing mechanism. Marketing comes automatically as an important side product of crowdfunding.It brings in credibility to the project from an early stage. Crowdfunding being utterly transparent allows for investors to track the progress at every stage of the project.It facilitates a practically endless flow of ideas from investors and the public. Since investors have a say in every phase of development, the flow of ideas and constructive inputs is a given in crowdfunding projects.It creates a reliable customer base. Due to the immense visibility o f the crowdfunded project on the internet, your project can automatically generate a lot of interest, not only among potential investors, but also among potential customers.3) Crowdfunding platformsThere is a multitude of websites dedicated to the cause of crowdfunding projects you can use. Some renowned sites are:KickstarterIndiegogoStartNextHUBBUBSeedmatchEquityNetCrowdFunderRocketHubFundRazrSeedInvestMicroventuresCrowdRiseBetterPlaceGoFundMeYouCaringQuirky4) Crowdfunding success storiesSome highly successful crowdfunded projects are:Star Citizen (Video game): Earmarked with a $500,000 budget on Kickstarter, Star Citizen managed to rake up USD 83 million! The brainchild of game designer and programmer, Chris Roberts, the game holds the Guinness World Record for being the largest crowdfunded project across all genres and platforms.Pebble Time (Smartwatch): Another successful Kickstarter project, Pebble Time brought in USD 20 million against a $500,000 campaign target.Ethereum (Cryp tocurrency): A Bitcoin project, Ethereum is a type of cryptocurrency and secure contract programming language. It raised a total fund of over USD 18 million.Coolest Cooler (Portable cooler): With a target of only $50,000, this little USB-powered cooler raked in a humongous USD 13 million!WHY DO CROWDFUNDING CAMPAIGNS FAIL?Although a lot of time, effort and money goes into a project, it doesnt always return expected results. Often, the reason for the failure of a crowdfunding project is a disastrous campaign.After analyzing a whole host of successful and failed crowdfunding projects, we are able to classify broadly the grounds for failure of a campaign. They are as follows:1) Campaign is not uniqueOne of the main reasons for the failure of a campaign is the lack of a competitive edge. Competition arises when the product or service offered is not unique. It is a very difficult proposition to sell an idea that isnt idiosyncratic, and convince investors to invest their hard-earned money in a product that is unable to justify its advantages over its competitors.2) Campaign is poorly prepared and organizedA lot of preparation is essential for a successful campaign. A lot of time and effort needs to be invested in the campaign. A successful project mandates that the several months worth of meticulous networking be set aside even before the campaign is launched. A poorly prepared campaign is a recipe for disaster. Also, you can never afford to launch a campaign and then sit back and try to automate it thats never going to happen. A campaign is never just a days work you will need to be constantly in touch with your campaign and always be available to tweak it to your advantage whenever the necessity or opportunity comes. A campaign fails when:Not enough time is invested: Time is of great essence to any successful campaign. When you prepare a project, you would need to dedicate enough time for its planning and its promotion. Without a meticulous plan that looks ahead , the project is doomed for failure.The message of the campaign is not consistent: Unless the core idea is well-defined, it would not be possible to have all the people involved on the board. Without clear goals and clear-cut strategies to achieve them, investors will be in the dark about what the target is. Without proper communication, investors may bank upon unrealistic objectives that will lead to conflicts later on.No video is included: In a successful campaign, the prerequisite of having a video is a given. Without a meaningful video that clearly illustrates the vision of the entrepreneur(s), a campaign cannot hope to succeed. A well-made video not only describes how you aim to go about your project, but also exemplifies why you are going for that project at all. The video has to be persuasive and should lend itself to being shared on multiple platforms. It should be long enough to include all core messages, however short enough to retain interest. It should have clear audio a nd should include on-screen captions wherever necessary to aid in understanding.Campaign is too complicated: When it comes to an advertising campaign, it is the best bet to have things simple and sweet. Too many complications in the campaign will result in drastic narrowing down of the target audience, and you will end up losing many prospective investors just because your campaign was too tricky for them to comprehend.Campaign is targeting the wrong crowd: It is essential for you as an entrepreneur to have the backing of the right audience. Targeting one and all, irrespective of the domain of interest is a futile attempt at advertising this will never bring the right people in the loop. You will need to spend a lot of time studying who your target audience is and listing out sources where you will gain access to them.3) Campaign is not emotionalTo be successful, it is obligatory for the campaign to strike a chord with the investors and the general public. It is not possible for yo u to connect on an emotional scale with investors when you are not emotional about your project. Lack of passion and self-motivation will invariably result in a poor image of the campaign. Failing to get investors excited will literally translate into a poor prospect of investment in the campaign.Again, different audiences respond to different emotional stimuli. So, it is paramount to study an audience to understand what they connect best with. Once you are able to convince an audience to act upon their hearts over their heads, you achieve a successful campaign on your hands.4) Campaign has unrealistic funding goalsOne of the main reasons for the failure of a crowdfunding campaign is the setting of unrealistic goals as far as funding is concerned. Many times, a project is under-financed due to faulty predictions about capital requirements. Many campaigns have failed because entrepreneurs overlooked vital areas of funding while preparing plans. Only a comprehensive plan one that tak es care of all possible situations and scenarios, however, miniscule or trivial, will be successful in attracting the right amount of funding.5) Campaign has low exposure and popularityLow exposure is one of the foremost reasons for the failure of a crowdfunding venture. Just putting up your project on as many crowdfunding platforms is just a little step. You need to understand that without exposure, no one is going to know about your project just because it is there somewhere. You will need to push it actively on all possible social media platforms to get the best visibility for your project. Harness the power of the internet and your friends, family, and acquaintances in fact, get everybody you know that has a social media presence, to share your campaign. There are many options for paid campaign on social media sites like Facebook use them to your advantage, they will help you reach a relevant audience.Also, too few PR contacts will have an adverse effect on your campaign. It i s vital to know that you will need to make as many PR contacts as possible BEFORE you start campaigning your project. For example if you are planning on manufacturing a fluoride-free herbal toothpaste, it is important to create and distribute a PR article about the ill-effects of fluoride-based toothpastes and the benefits of herbal toothpastes on all possible platforms at least a fortnight before the actual launch of the product.Also, sharing on all possible platforms doesnt mean spamming. If your PR initiative is considered spam, it will have a terrible effect on your reputation. Share your project on relevant platforms only.6) Campaign perks do not add enough valueThe main motivation behind your campaign should be to deliver certain perquisites to your stakeholders. Without a distinct set of perks, it would be impossible to grab the attention of any investor. An investor will only invest when he feels assured about certain returns that add value to his cause.It is best for you to assume that your investor is going to be very selfish in demanding that he gets his fair share of returns from his investment. Remember, your investors are investing, not out of affection, but out of trust and compulsion.7) Campaign owner does not have sufficient experienceMany projects meet with failure when the project owner or the entrepreneur does not have any or sufficient experience in the field. It is not uncommon for an entrepreneur to pursue a project outside the domain of his primary experience. However, it is mandatory for such an entrepreneur to associate himself/herself with people who possess the relevant expertise and experience.8) Campaign has faulty timingYou may have everything going your way in your campaign, but just the one factor of wrong timing is enough to foul up all future scope of your project. It is essential to hit off the project at the right time of the day, given, of course, the geographical location of the target audience. For example, if you are lo cated in the United States and your target audience is in Japan, you will need to work out a suitable time slot in Japan (and not in the United States) to kick off your campaign.At this juncture, it is important to note that for all projects in the US and nearby areas, Eastern Standard Time (EST) is the accepted standard. Morning is the best time for the launch of a campaign anywhere in the world.9) Campaign is stuck onlineYours may be an online campaign, but if you assume that the internet is the only way to go about your campaigning, you arent farther from the truth. You cannot have your campaign stuck online in the face of so many successful campaigns that have taken place off the internet and at an actual venue, you need to take steps to ensure that you have a viable presence outside the internet. Arranging promotional parties, distributing flyers, getting posters up are just some of the quickest ways that will help your campaign catch its much-deserved impetus.WHAT CAN BE DONE TO AVOID YOUR CROWDFUNDING CAMPAIGN TO FAIL?There is no end of measures that need to be taken to ensure that your crowdfunding campaign is successful. Whether you are an established entrepreneur or a start-up, you can use crowdfunding as a powerful tool to reach your intended objective. Here are a few methods how you can approach crowdfunding judiciously.1) Plan your budgetIt is essential to have a budget planned right from the start so that you can include it in your campaign. It is understandable that arriving at the exact amount by way of fund requirement predictions is near impossible. However, it is always a very good idea to have a rough target set. Many crowdfunding websites set minimum funding limits to all projects, so it is mandatory for you to reach at least the target, or you stand to lose all the contributions pledged by your investors.2) Prepare a great storyNothing sells better than a great story. When you add your own great story to your campaign, you help create an appealing proposal one that will help you take your campaign to the next level. A great story never fails to engage the investor. Your story should be such that it connects well to both your intended objective as well as with your intended audience.Also, always speak at a personal level. Connecting personally via speech subliminally forges a personal bond between the speaker and the audience one that has the audience relate to the story and the speaker.It is always a great idea to back your story up with relevant supporting images. A great video works wonders in fostering the trust of the audience in your proposed product. Also, if you have already created a website with details about your product or offer, that can go a long way in generating genuine interest in your campaign.3) Provide value for valueA crowdfunding campaign is a give and take relationship between the entrepreneur and the investors. While, as an entrepreneur, you are entitled to funds from your investors, your i nvestors are also entitled to perks and incentives in return. It is a best practice to come up with incentives that are practicable as well as appealing to the investors. You would do well to empathize with the requirements of your investors before you chart out a reward plan.4) Make your product/perks personal and scarceIn the product portfolio of any company, it is almost always the limited edition products that sell like hot cakes. Your product or offer will do so too if you bring some scarcity or rather, exclusivity to both your product and the perks offered to investors. Because scarcity increases demand, when you are limiting the most prolific rewards to your investors to a petite number , you are invariably generating a lot more interest among your investors to pledge allegiance to your campaign and grab the rewards. Keeping the rewards personal will mean that you have elevated the most benevolent of your investors to a higher personal level.5) Build credibilityYou have heard the popular axiom, Seeing is believing. In order to establish your credibility before your investors, your campaign has to be genuine. You can corroborate the legitimacy of your campaign by backing it up with elaborate details about the core motive behind the project. You can take the aid of various slide shows and video presentations to drive your point through.6) Show social proofOnce you start building up a support base for your campaign, you would do well to target certain individuals or groups with high credibility in their fields they can be experts, analysts, advisers or well-known investors. Once you have such important entities in your fold, you will be able to highlight their contributions towards your campaign. Highlighting influential people or groups as part of your campaign will work wonders towards attracting more investors into the loop. Remember that many people join a cause only because other people they know or have heard about, have done so.7) Communicate with your audience very frequentlyIt is fundamental to your campaign to maintain communication with your audience at every step of your project. You cannot afford to cut your investors out from your campaign. You would do well to engage your investors at each and every phase of the decision-making process. You need to send out frequent updates to your audience on the progress made and what plans you have for future action. Another important aspect of this communication is that it should be two-sided. You will need to encourage your audience to come up with their ideas and inputs to keep them engaged.

Role of Attitude in Employee Relationship Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Attitudes of a person are influenced by both values and beliefs. Values reflect a general sense of right or wrong and do not require an identifiable object towards which it is directed (Cheek 2006). Values are therefore deeply rooted views that act as guiding principles for an individual. On the other hand, beliefs are assumptions that one makes about oneself, about others and about how we expect things to be (Cheek 2006). Attitudes as Predictors of BehaviorAttitudes develop from past experiences or observations and have been found to guide future behavior. Behavior is the way one acts and includes the things that we say or do, like facial expressions, hand gestures, eye contact and choice of words (Standen n. d.). Behavior is usually an outward expression of one s attitude. However, the two are not always related. Attitudes are only one of the determinants of behavior. It is the predisposition to behave in a particular way in a given situation. However, how one would actually behav e in a given scenario, depends on many other factors like immediate consequences of the behavior, the perception of others viewing the behavior, personal habits and other situational factors (Standen n. d.). We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Attitude in Employee Relationship or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

The Romantic Period The Dark Alleyways Of The Modern...

The Romantic Period Hidden in the dark alleyways of the modern bourgeoisie, a revolution was brewing. Towards the end of the eighteenth century, modern European culture began pulling away from conventional systems of rule enforced by feudal court predecessors. Corresponding to the rise of the middle class and the collapse of the aristocracy, the French Revolution was born. From the rubble, which had been produced by a years worth of sociopolitical upheaval, emerged an artistic movement that flourshised until the mid-nineteenth century, known as Romanticism. More specifically, Romanticism arose as a response to the dogma of the Enlightenment values of reason. Emphasizing nature and culture, or rather one’s feelings and imagination, the Romantic Movement argued against the artificiality and industrialization that that bourgeois dreamed of. However, this bourgeois dream seems more like a nightmare for poet laureates such as William Wordsworth and William Blake, as well as other Romantic poets like John Keats, who stress the importance of nature and its landscapes over the rapid expansion of an industrialized society. More specifically, writers of this period believe that spiritual and emotional healing is a result of nature, which â€Å"for the Romantics becomes a means for divine revelation† (Wordsworth). That is to say, Wordsworth and Romantics alike argue that nature is peace and the closest connection humans have of heaven on earth. Once the connection between humans and

Quaker up ad Free Essays

There are eight grams of whole grains are chocolaty, pretzels-caramels mash-up the whole family craves. Its how we’re fighting the human energy crisis one bar at a time (Quaker). The ad insinuates that any family that is in a rush should buy their product. We will write a custom essay sample on Quaker up ad or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is a good healthy snack for families on the go. The ad is a good target for families that are in a rush all the time. They can Just eat a Quaker bar on their way to work. School, taking your kids somewhere, or really anywhere. It also targets young people that aren’t always home o eat all the time, even people trying to eat healthy. The #Quaker is a hash tag and It targets people that keep up with social media. It shows people that Quaker Is also up to date on their social media. Everyone that puts that on their social media the hash tag #Quaker will show on their page or wall and Its pretty much free advertisement for Quaker products. The product is something fast and easy. The ad tries to persuade people by the saying MM MM and families GO GO GO. Its a fast and easy treat that the whole family will love. The ad tells us how many grams here are in a bar. It explains what the Quaker bar will Bates 2 taste like. A chocolate, caramel, and pretzel mash up. The Quaker up theme also helps the ad sell this product. Its a good saying. Pretty much saying wake up and Quaker up, by having a Quaker bar. Which also lets you know its something fast and easy for breakfast. One thing that doesn’t seam to fit the ad is when it says, â€Å"It’s how we’re fighting the human energy crisis one bar at a time. † That means, the Quaker bar saves peoples energy and time you would have to make a meal. Also, here won’t be a crawls or a hassle by trying to make something In a short period of time. This ad suggests that Quaker big chewy bars are good and helps families on the go. It repeats GO GO GO and MM MM MM. It stresses that so people will know how good Quaker bars really are. Also, it lets people know how fast and easy the bars are on the go. This ad is successful because it shows the Quaker big chewy floating in the air by a parachute, on a perfect blue sky day. The ad make life look so simple and easy. Of course, the Quaker up theme is a personal identity which intensifies all the Quaker ads. It simply says wake up world, you would have a Quaker bar and everything will be okay. Its the best saying for Quaker products. Anyone that is hungry and Is on the go go go. Go grab a snack that’s fast and easy. The Quaker bar ad shows the box in the air, which also goes good with the Quaker up thyme. The Quaker bars are up up and away. This ad could easily persuade anyone. The small bar that you can take with you anywhere, and tastes great Is the Bates 3 Work Cited Quaker. Advertisement. Redbook July. 2014: Print. How to cite Quaker up ad, Papers

Social Media Marketing and Fashion Industry †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Social Media Marketing and Fashion Industry. Answer: Introduction Social media has been an emerging as well as evolving platform since the last few years. It has enabled the brand recognition and helped fashion designers get popularity in the industry of fashion, and at the same time contributing to the consumers and companies. In modern days, the fashion industry has adopted the mobile application technique in order to market themselves on the social media to a huge extent. Being a public form, social media helps in promoting transparency, which in turn helps in fetching the consumer feedback. In this era of Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and Pinterest, promoting fashion brand applications have become a lot easier (Andzulis, Panagopoulos Rapp, 2012). Objectives The report throws light on the consumer experience analysis and the social media marketing for mobile app in fashion industry. The recent developments in the social media help the customers to follow and anticipate the upcoming fashion styles and trends, even before the brands enter the offline market. Traditional promotion tools include the public relations and advertisements done by the companies, in order to reach to its customers. Public Relations help the fashion designer to interact with the publics and analyze their experience. With the advent of the social media, this interaction and analysis of customer experience have become a lot easier (Ashley Tuten, 2015). Scope The report highlights the consumer experience analysis and the social media marketing for mobile application fashion industry. In addition to this, it includes a critical literature review, research methodology along with findings and discussion points. It gives a brief detail regarding consumer experience analysis, social media marketing and mobile applications in the fashion industry. Critical Literature Review This section of the report gives an idea of the whole research plan, proposal and the approach. In addition to this, it contains a detailed analysis of the literature review, that is, the review of some available secondary data. The consumer behavior analysis and social media marketing of online shopping is thoroughly based on the articles and journals available on the internet. The study is based on the individual consumer experience regarding online shopping of apparels, accessories and others.The main aim of this report is to understand in great depth the usage of web based social media platforms, in order to promote the fashion industry globally (Brogi et al., 2013). Consumers look out for innovative and new methods for shopping. In this era of digital media, everything has become very easy, from booking cabs to ordering food, along with shopping online. Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and others, help the mobile application fashion industry to promote themselves to a huge target market. Consumers get attracted to these tactics and end up buying from those online stores (CastronovoHuang, 2012). For instance; The Real Trial is an online site for shopping, which is an innovative business initiative located at Singapore. The business location offers easy accessibility and in turn helps in promoting the online products purchasing goals in the country. People can easily purchase their favorite products anytime and anywhere, as per their convenience (Chu, Kamal Kim, 2013). The company is purely technology based and helps customers order their favorite products and delivering those at their doorsteps. With the advent of digital media, people can purchase products, order food, book cabs anywhere and at any moment. Millions of customers shop their favorite products online. However, there are certain issues which arise due to this (Dahnil et al., 2014). Majority of the consumers face problems regarding the size, quality and design of the product. The Real Trial enterprise offer solutions to all these problems by enabling the consumers to view the product by resizing it. Moreover, it also has return policy for the customers who want to return their products after receiving it. It is important to define the problem first to the consumers, before moving to the next step of defining the solution (Halvorsen et al., 2013). The Real Trial enterprise makes sure that they solve the real problem to their customers, before presenting or defining the solution. It is i mportant to clearly define the problems which need to be solved. They have a unique option which enables the customers to upload their picture and place it on the product they like. This gives the customers a visual idea of how they will look in that particular product, without actually buying it. This helps the company in gaining their trust and faith (Chu, Kamal Kim, 2013). It is very important to know the target market for any business. The Real Trial enterprises target market is the online shoppers of any gender, age or interest. The website provides all items such as clothes, accessories, footwear, bags and more. The target market is divided into small groups or segments. They price each and every item, after having an idea of each segment to which the particular product is catering to (Kim Ko, 2012).Each and every business have competitors, be it small or big. The Real Trial has lots of competitors in the market which includes companies like Zalora, Lazarda and more. It is important to keep an eye on the competitors marketing approach and style. Customers prefer shopping on The Real Trial because of its unique feature of real life trial which other companies dont provide (KoMegehee, 2012). The Real Trial is a small business which does not require huge amount of investment. The companys expenses are mainly on the electricity, taxes, salaries and others. Digital marketing is done to aware more customers, which however requires comparatively higher investment but it also generates profit (Ko et al., 2012). The enterprise is adopting new and innovative strategies to cater more and more customers on the global platform. They are focusing on the social media platform to increase their popularity (KoMegehee, 2012). Research Methodology This section of the report explains about the various methods of research, which are available and applied in this study as well as their analysis for addressing the problems. They are directed towards the research topic, that is, the consumer analysis and social media marketing for mobile application in the fashion industry. Likewise, it also presents different procedures and strategies for identifying the problems or issues related to this topic. It provides detailed analysis of the usage of various social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and others, by online fashion industries in order to promote them on the long run (KontuVecchi, 2014). This chapter throws light on several research methods, which are used to establish this report, the design of the research, collection of data, description of this study, the methods and processes used for analyzing the references and the gathered data analysis. Qualitative research method is employed, which helped in getting underlying opinions, motivations and reasons. Survey and interview was no conducted due to limited time. However, secondary data collected from the online available theses and academic journals, helped in gaining useful insights. Multiple procedures are employed to this study, in order to examine the recent status of the usage of social media sites for marketing mobile application fashion industries, which includes the descriptive research methodology, ensuring that the study is quick and cheap as well. In addition to this, usage of qualitative analysis method has helped in the understanding of reasons, opinions and motivations, while providing a thorough insight into the problem along with some rich data. It has also helped in the development of opinions and ideas for the potential quantitative analysis of this study (Mohr, 2013). The research methodology required gathering relevant data from specified documents and compiling databases. Secondary data is collected through internet, review of existing literature, journals and research thesis related to the topic. The academic articles are referred and studied, for the detailed analysis of the topic and the interpretation of the data which are being collected from the articles. The report contains American Psychological Association or APA style of referencing. Findings This particular segment of the report consists of the findings through detailed research and analysis of the academic journals, theses and articles. The consumer behavior analysis is done on how social media marketing has helped them gain an idea regarding the mobile application fashion industry (Nadeem et al., 2015). In this era of social networking sites, people prefer communicating on computers, laptops, mobile phones or telecommunications first, instead of face to face. People prefer using the technology for shopping, ordering food, booking cabs, keeping in touch with others and more. Everything starts with the digital platforms and even ends with it. Ecommerce is a trend setter in the modern days. Companies like, Amazon and Alibaba use the most of the technology to sell their products all across the world (Ngai, Tao Moon, 2015). The companies have own many hearts, by sharing new updates on all the social media platforms. It helped them announcing their offers and product details, which in turn increases their sales. Moreover, ecommerce email marketing has helped them make the most number of customers out of it. It is the art of using the electronic mail to generate the sales for the stores. Furthermore, the companies 75-80% of the shopping revenue comes from mobile marketing or through mobile apps and that is huge in its own self (Okazaki Taylor, 2013). Majority of the companies have managed to develop a strong and matured customer base. They focus on more innovative trends in the industrial sectors, which help them grow and progress. The rising automation and interconnection helps in generating the necessary and important processes for optimizations.It has helped in satisfying more and more customers and their demands, in these extremely open and transparent markets (ztamurKarakad?lar,2014). Internet based communication and social media technologys concepts and strategies have also helped in taking care of the stakeholders interests within the value chain. Companies like, Amazon and Alibaba have managed to set a new bench mark by meeting the consumers growing demands and desires, with their huge range of products and variety of options to choose from (Paquette, 2013). Past research on this topic has concluded that the online brands should focus or concentrate more on keeping pace with the changing consumer demands along with the usage of social media channels (Pihl Sandstrm, 2013). Fashion industry marketers should market themselves in more attractive and crisp manner which incorporate their organizational aim and in turn motivates the consumers to purchase their items. Furthermore, few more innovative techniques must be applied in order to engage the consumers, particularly by experimentation, attractive picture selection or selective messages (SaravanakumarSugantha Lakshmi, 2012). Mobile marketing is also a new technique, where the target consumers receive personal messages on their mobile phones, regarding various offers and discounts. This makes the target customers feel special and the fashion applications can earn huge profit from these tactics (SchivinskiDabrowski, 2016). Based on their marketing strategies, it will create AWARENESS among the consumers. Good techniques of marketing and promotion would INTEREST the consumers. This will create a DESIRE of buying the product from that particular application. Lastly they will actively perform their ACTION, that is, buy that particular product. Therefore, it is very important to be careful while promoting a product, which helps in differentiating itself from the competitors (SaravanakumarSugantha Lakshmi, 2012). Innovative digital marketing strategies must be undertaken by the online fashion companies, as it can help in attracting the customers. They should promote themselves widely in all the platforms as well as social media platforms, like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and others to reach the maximum consumers as fast as possible. With the advent of digital marketing, it is very important to focus on that particular segment of marketing, in order to reach the global market (Schlinke Crain, 2013). It will prove to be beneficial for any online fashion company, by helping it reach a wide number of customers. It will help in creating brand awareness and image goals; this in turn will help the company grow. Moreover, it is crucial to understand thoroughly, the behavior of the target markets or consumers of the enterprise.Understanding the target markets or consumers will help the enterprise get an idea of what exactly their services or products would be and which sort of tactics would work the best (Simmons Becker Olsen, 2013). Discussion In modern days competitive environment of the business, implementation of social media marketing technology in consumer awareness and brand recognition, plays a very crucial part for the success of any company. Each and every company looks out for innovative ways to improve their marketing tactics and consumer base(SaravanakumarSugantha Lakshmi, 2012). They are upgrading their online marketing techniques or even implementing a new one in order to compete with the other companies. The implementation must be planned and strategically made, keeping in mind the pros and cons. Start-up companies or small businesses of apparel, accessories and others, tend to use this innovative platform in order to aware the consumers of their brand (Tuten Solomon, 2014). Consumers build a strong bond with anything which is self-expressive and which reflects their attachment with the brand. In an advertisement of baby products, say Johnson and Johnson, the baby-mother relationship is portrayed, which shares an emotional bond. Mothers of new born babies would attach themselves more with such advertisements (Wamba Carter, 2016). Experimentation with various brands and the way they are advertised lures the customers and helps in developing a wide variety of self-concepts. A consumers love for a brand is some attachment building process; it builds emotional dependency and anxiety. The more the consumers are attached to a particular brand, the more they are dependent on it(Simmons Becker Olsen, 2013). The use of right technology is considered to be a crucial part for any fashion industry, in order to improve their operations. With the advent of digital media, marketing has gone too far. Digital marketing can be done to reach the international customers very easily. Web technology helps in improving the business marketing and reach to the furthest corners across the world(ztamurKarakad?lar,2014). Online purchaseshelp any business, be it small or big, get international acclamation. However, online purchases should be tracked and checked on a regular basis, to keep a record on whether any customer is facing any kind of problem or not. Suggestions or feedback boxes on the social media platforms helps in understanding the consumers demands and desires(Tuten Solomon, 2014). Moreover, customers are also provided with lucrative opening offers and discounts in order to gain more and more attention. Online sites like Alibaba and Amazon uses these brilliant techniques, in order to promote th emselves on the social media sites. Ecommerce leader,Amazon now has the market value of 170 billion dollars, with 75-80% of online sales(Simmons Becker Olsen, 2013). Social media platformshave marked its contribution in the ecommerce industry. It has made online sellers easily sell their items to the customers, even at the furthest corners. It helps in handling and managing the products and its tracking. The whole procedure is carried in a very short time span and with great accuracy, taking care of each and every thing. Consumers behavior is recorded through feedback sections, where they can even rate and review the items they buy for the particular online site (Schlinke Crain, 2013). Moreover, consumers also receive information regarding the fashion weeks, like Lakme Fashion Week or Mercedes Benz Fashion Week and others. They can even comment on whether they liked the event or not. They are also given the opportunity to voice their opinion on what changes they would like the organizers to make(Pihl Sandstrm, 2013). Contributions: The report helps in understanding in depth, the behavior of the consumer and how they use social media to get an idea of the mobile application fashion industry. It helps in understanding the usage of social media platforms for the marketing and promotion of mobile applications. It gives detailed analysis the consume behavior regarding online shopping. Moreover, the report contains the differences in the behavior of the consumers, that is, how it changed with the advent of the mobile applications(Wamba Carter, 2016). Limitations: Analysis is purely on the basis of the items, which are available on the academic journals, internet and theses. The time was limited for the collection of data for this study. Survey and personal interviews could have established and supported the study more. The study was confined only to the consumer behavior analysis in terms of social media marketing regarding the mobile application fashion industry. Conclusion To conclude, consumers build a strong bond with anything which is self-expressive and which reflects their attachment with the brand.The recent developments in the social media help the customers to follow and anticipate the upcoming fashion styles and trends, even before the brands enter the offline market. Traditional promotion tools include the public relations and advertisements done by the companies, in order to reach to its customers. Public Relations help the fashion designer to interact with the publics and analyze their experience. With the advent of the social media, this interaction and analysis of customer experience have become a lot easier. Social media platforms have marked its contribution in the ecommerce industry. It has made online sellers easily sell their items to the customers, even at the furthest corners. It helps in handling and managing the products and its tracking. The whole procedure is carried in a very short time span and with great accuracy, taking care of each and every thing. Consumers behavior is recorded through feedback sections, where they can even rate and review the items they buy for the particular online site. Mobile marketing is also a new technique, where the target consumers receive personal messages on their mobile phones, regarding various offers and discounts. This makes the target customers feel special and the fashion applications can earn huge profit from these tactics. Therefore, from this study it can be concluded that social media has helped a lot to the online businesses enhancement. It has created various strategies in order to market the fashion applications on a huge way to attract as many customers as possible. References Andzulis, J. M., Panagopoulos, N. G., Rapp, A. (2012). A review of social media and implications for the sales process.Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management,32(3), 305-316. Ashley, C., Tuten, T. (2015). Creative strategies in social media marketing: An exploratory study of branded social content and consumer engagement.Psychology Marketing,32(1), 15-27. Brogi, S., Calabrese, A., Campisi, D., Capece, G., Costa, R., Di Pillo, F. (2013). The effects of online brand communities on brand equity in the luxury fashion industry.International Journal of Engineering Business Management,5, 32. Castronovo, C., Huang, L. (2012). Social media in an alternative marketing communication model.Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness,6(1), 117. Chu, S. C., Kamal, S., Kim, Y. (2013). Understanding consumers' responses toward social media advertising and purchase intention toward luxury products.Journal of Global Fashion Marketing,4(3), 158-174. Dahnil, M. I., Marzuki, K. M., Langgat, J., Fabeil, N. F. (2014). Factors influencing SMEs adoption of social media marketing.Procedia-Social and behavioral sciences,148, 119-126. Halvorsen, K., Hoffmann, J., Coste-Manire, I., Stankeviciute, R. (2013). Can fashion blogs function as a marketing tool to influence consumer behavior? Evidence from Norway.Journal of Global Fashion Marketing,4(3), 211-224. Kim, A. J., Ko, E. (2012). Do social media marketing activities enhance customer equity? An empirical study of luxury fashion brand.Journal of Business Research,65(10), 1480-1486. Ko, E., Megehee, C. M. (2012). Fashion marketing of luxury brands: Recent research issues and contributions.Journal of Business Research,65(10), 1395-1398. Ko, E., Taylor, C. R., Sung, H., Lee, J., Wagner, U., Navarro, D. M. C., Wang, F. (2012). Global marketing segmentation usefulness in the sportswear industry.Journal of Business Research,65(11), 1565-1575. Kontu, H., Vecchi, A. (2014). Why all that noiseassessing the strategic value of social media for fashion brands.Journal of Global Fashion Marketing,5(3), 235-250. Mohr, I. (2013). The impact of social media on the fashion industry.The Journal of Applied Business and Economics,15(2), 17. Nadeem, W., Andreini, D., Salo, J., Laukkanen, T. (2015). Engaging consumers online through websites and social media: A gender study of Italian Generation Y clothing consumers.International Journal of Information Management,35(4), 432-442. Ngai, E. W., Tao, S. S., Moon, K. K. (2015). Social media research: Theories, constructs, and conceptual frameworks.International Journal of Information Management,35(1), 33-44. Okazaki, S., Taylor, C. R. (2013). Social media and international advertising: theoretical challenges and future directions.International marketing review,30(1), 56-71. ztamur, D., Karakad?lar, ?. S. (2014). Exploring the role of social media for SMEs: as a new marketing strategy tool for the firm performance perspective.Procedia-Social and behavioral sciences,150, 511-520. Paquette, H. (2013). Social media as a marketing tool: A literature review. Pihl, C., Sandstrm, C. (2013). Value creation and appropriation in social mediathe case of fashion bloggers in Sweden.International Journal of Technology Management,61(3/4), 309-323. Saravanakumar, M., SuganthaLakshmi, T. (2012). Social media marketing.Life Science Journal,9(4), 4444-4451. Schivinski, B., Dabrowski, D. (2016). The effect of social media communication on consumer perceptions of brands.Journal of Marketing Communications,22(2), 189-214. Schlinke, J., Crain, S. (2013). Social media from an integrated marketing and compliance perspective.Journal of Financial Service Professionals,67(2). Simmons, C. J., Becker Olsen, K. L. (2013). Achieving marketing objectives through social sponsorships. American Marketing Association. Tuten, T. L., Solomon, M. R. (2014).Social media marketing. Sage. Wamba, S. F., Carter, L. (2016). Social media tools adoption and use by SMES: An empirical study. InSocial Media and Networking: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications(pp. 791-806). IGI Global.

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The Grapes of Wrath and Fiesta Essays

The Grapes of Wrath and Fiesta Essays The Grapes of Wrath and Fiesta Paper The Grapes of Wrath and Fiesta Paper Essay Topic: A Woman Killed With Kindness Literature The Grapes Of Wrath In Ernest Hemingways Fiesta (The Sun Also Rises) we are given an account of life in Europe, after the devastation of World War I. The main characters are expatriates living in Europe after all suffering through the War. Both their identity and their lives have been affected; consequently forcing them to be categorised as the lost generation1. In John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath we follow the Joad family as they travel west in search of a new, more prosperous life. The journey reveals the difficulties of creating an ordered, fully functioning society. In contrast to the expatriates in Fiesta; the Joads migration can be categorised as an establishment of a new generation. That is to say, a new society built on ideals of individual success and prosperity, in western America. By exploring the major themes in both novels, we can see exactly what effects the First World War and westward migration have upon the main characters. Additionally, we can see how this relates to individual actions, and American society as a whole. In Fiesta, Hemingway presents us with a series of characters whose lives have been tragically altered by the effects of the First World War. The characters are described as expatriates by Hemingway. An expatriate is defined as a person who lives outside their native country. This term usually applies to people who have fled from their home nation for particular reasons. The characters in Fiesta have taken refuge in Paris and Hemingway focuses upon their exploits in the city. The war has affected each of the main characters uniquely and significantly. Our protagonist is Jake Barnes. He was tragically wounded in the War; which has left him impotent. Then we have our second main character, Brett Ashley, a member of the English aristocracy. She was a nurse during the war and her first love was killed. These two characters propel the novels main themes. Theyre losses have significantly affected the way they live their lives in Paris. In Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath the Joad family leave their home in Oklahoma behind to fulfil their dreams of prosperity in the west. The Joad family suffers greatly during their search for happiness. The novel reveals the difficulties and corruption that existed during the formation of a western society. The Joads represent the innocent migrants, who were persecuted by a new, evolving society that expanded over the Great Plains. Halliday makes the link of the expatriates in Fiesta to the experiences of the Joad family: There are plains in many countries that could well serve as symbols of emptiness, desolation, disaster, and death- we have some in the American west. 2 Steinbeck criticises the glamorised perception that financial success is easily achievable in the west. For Steinbeck, only way you can achieve satisfaction in all areas, is after struggle and conflict. The Joads cope with their discrimination throughout by remaining united as a family. It is this method of survival and kindness that Steinbeck praises during the novel. The effects of the War have lead critics to label the main characters in Fiesta as members of a lost generation. Their losses are significant in influencing the way they lead their lives in Paris. Being members of a lost generation, suggests that they have actually lost their sense of identity. This means that their lives no longer have any direction. The novel concentrates on the meaningless excess the main characters associate themselves with in Paris. Their lavish lifestyles lead us to believe that there is no moral boundaries in the world Hemingway has created here. This is where we notice that gender roles have also been reversed. This is most evident with Jake and Brett. Jakes wound, has in a sense removed his masculinity. He cannot maintain a relationship because of his impotence. This makes him feel less of a man; Jakes impotence gives way to a society of sexual promiscuity where they live. There does not seem to be one successful relationship; even Robert Cohns relationship with Frances is spoiled. What Jake is left with, are the personal qualities of a woman. He becomes more interested in not being alone and has lost his control over his life and others. It is his inevitable frustration that makes us pity him: We thus find Jake Barness war-wound impotence a kind of metaphor for the whole atmosphere of sterility and frustration 3 Hemingway then uses Brett to show how gender roles are reversed in Fiesta. Brett also lost something during the war; Her own true love had just kicked off with dysentery. (p48) This is the only time that Brett has been in a meaningful relationship. With the loss of her fist love, Brett is no longer able to sustain a relationship built on love and trust. Hemingway reveals this by portraying Brett as a very masculine woman. Her hair is short, she is boyish and she refers to the men as chaps. She is the promiscuous character in the novel; and behaves like a man, intimidating others and playing with the opposite sex. Spilka claims that this is the reason why love is not evident in the novel: when men no longer command respect, and women replace their natural warmth with masculine freedom and mobility, there can be no serious love. 4 The exchange in gender roles creates an additional misdirection in the lives of the main characters; without a sense of their own sexuality, theyre can be no internal identification of self. By viewing the Joad family as the new generation, we can understand the significance of their rites of passage to the west. They are in a sense, on a pilgrimage to the Promised Land. It is necessary that tests must be passed during a pilgrimage; in order to achieve success and fulfilment. The entire journey is a search for new identity. They are no longer from Oklahoma; they have left it behind. Steinbeck has characters referring to the Joads as Okies throughout; nevertheless, all the migrants are united in the search for land and prosperity. They labour on the land but it is never fully theirs. We recognize that the Joads will only feel like westerners when theyre blood and sweat has spilled onto their own land. For a new generation to be born, the older generation must give way. This is indicated with the death of both grandparents during the journey to the west. The grandparents are unable in making the transition to a new area or identification of self. They are tied to the land in Oklahoma; it is particularly significant that Grandma dies on the border to the west. She knows she cannot survive the difficulties that will face the rest of the family. Her own death is the beginning of the Joads progression into a new generation. It is apparent throughout the novel, that the characters in Fiesta have no meaning or direction in their lives. Their days are filled with drinking, eating and dancing. Their lavish lifestyles have no structure, and they respect wealth. Count Mippipopolous is admired for his generosity and wealth. Brett only remains friends with him because of his generosity. His wealth represents his masculinity; Brett therefore admires him, while Jake cannot help but feel threatened: Isnt it wonderful, said Brett. We all have titles. Why havent you a title, Jake? (p68) The Count also comments on Bretts lifestyle: Youre always drinking my dear. (p70) Hemingway emphasises the extravagance of Brett and Jakes lifestyle, through the outside characters. Robert Cohn is the prime example; he wants to escape it all and go to South America. Jake does not want to join him and we get the sense that he is afraid to start his life over again after the life he leads created by the aftermath of the war. The fact that Jake is hesitant in going also represents his dependence on a life with no structure or direction. In The Grapes of Wrath the only figures who experience excess and luxury, are the wealthy farm owners. Steinbeck intentionally makes these characters anonymous; they are myths among the poor, oppressed workers in the west. Their wealth is in direct contrast to the poverty of the workers. The wealth of the farm owners is further increased due to the oppression of the labourers. Steinbeck makes a direct insult towards the wealthy who exploited the unskilled, western workforce. The Joads suffer to feed themselves and the feeling of injustice and subordination is reiterated during the Joads stay in the camps. The injustice of worker exploitation is linked with the theme of the overall lack of justice in The Grapes of Wrath. The government run camps are personifications of injustice. There seems to be no structure of law or moral order. Steinbeck reveals that those who control the social and economic structures of the west are the complete antithesis of legality and order. This is the cause of the Joads persecution. Wealth and injustice also link into the Joads conversion into a new genera tion. Chapter 7 is the most effective example in revealing how the Joads have not yet crossed over into a modern lifestyle. The car salesmen, however, are fast talking opportunists. They are out to exploit theyre customers; and the Joads are exploited throughout the text. Steinbeck is making the point that the modern, capitalist economy is dominated by greed and corruption: Watch the womans face. If the woman likes it we can screw the old man. (p68) It is a main theme throughout the novel that the Joads are representing the traditional, family values that Steinbeck believes America was built on. As the Joads struggle to survive in the exploitation and corruption of western capitalism; they are also struggling to promote their traditional values of kindness and togetherness: wenty families became one family, the children were the children of all. (p206) In Fiesta none of the characters offer any meaningful advice to each other. They are blunt and sometimes extremely cruel during their conversations. The only person who does not retaliate is Robert: I do not know how people could say such terrible things to Robert Cohn. (p59) Robert is different to the other char acters in the novel. He accepts the way the war has affected the others. He understands that they are incapable of being considerate to other peoples feelings. That is why he suffers so much humiliation. His life has not been so drastically been poisoned by the aftermath of the war. As Spilka reveals, Robert has been affected in a different way: it turns him into an armed romantic, a man who can damage others in defense of his own beliefs. 5 By distinguishing the difference between Robert and the other characters, we understand his role in the novel. He is envied by all the men, except Romero. When he is introduced it is always under formal circumstances; either as Robert Cohn or simply just Cohn. Jake especially admires his stubborn moral values and his ability to have an affectionate relationship with Frances. Linked to the exchange of gender roles in Fiesta; we see the effects this has on the characters sexually. For example, Jake Barnes picks up a prostitute early on in the novel. He does not intend to sleep with her because he is impotent; instead he takes her out to dinner and dancing. The fact that he is impotent is the most relevant here, he says he feels sick: She looked up to be kissed. She touched me with one hand and I put her hand away Whats the matter? You sick? Yes. (p21) His impotence has distanced him from women; therefore, rendering him unable to sustain a relationship or even feel sexually close to a woman ever again. The only woman he can clearly show his affections to is Brett. Unfortunately, Jake cannot rescue her from her promiscuity, because theyre relationship can never be sexual. Leslie Fielder argues that Brett can never be saved because of Jakes wound: In the end, not only are her physical lovers unmanned and degraded, but even Jake, who is her priest and is protected by his terrible wound, is humiliated. 6 The only man capable of redeeming Brett is Romero the bullfighter. This is because he is different to every man in the rest of the novel. He has not lost his masculinity in any way shape or form. He is respected as an aficionado and as a man. His relationship with Brett threatens her independent sexuality: He wanted me to grow my hair out. Me, with long hair He said it would make me more womanly. (p280) Romero is in a sense nai ve that he thinks he can change Brett; however, Brett is also unwilling to be freed from her sexual confinement into a meaningful relationship. In The Grapes of Wrath the mother is the leader of the family. She takes the role of the father as he gradually fades away into insignificance, to direct and inspire her family into persevering against discrimination. She is the foundation of the family; without her, we get the feeling that the family would not survive through its journey. Steinbeck describes her as a strong, muscular woman. As previously identified, both grandparents died before the family got to the west. There are many examples of death in the novel, yet there is only one distinct example of birth. Tied into the theme of birth, is the theme of motherhood. The only woman capable of both is Rose of Sharon. Towards the end of the novel, she gives birth to a stillborn child. This is extremely significant to the novels overall theme of the new generation. The birth of the child represents the familys success in converting to a new generation of westerners. The death of the old generation gives way for the new. Nevertheless, Steinbeck has the birth of the baby result in a death. This paradox reveals that the family has still not fully made its pilgrimage into the new generation. Rather than deal with the death as a disaster, the family continue on their journey, confident they will prevail. Steinbeck is showing the reader that even in death, there is hope; again linked with the death of the grandparents before the Joads reach the west. The ending of the novel has Rose of Sharon acting like a mother, sustaining life with her body. Our final thought is that the family will be sustained by the land, like Rose of Sharon preserving life with her natural instinct as a mother. In Fiesta and The Grapes of Wrath we are presented with two distinct generations struggling to define each other. To fully integrate the texts into one identification of self; we must look at the basis of each novel. In the epigraph to Fiesta Hemingway uses two phrases; one from Gertrude Stein and an extract from Ecclesiastes, in the Bible. Stein called the expatriates of the First World War the lost generation. While in Ecclesiastes, Hemingway uses the quote: One generation passeth away, and another generation commeth. The epigraph is important in revealing how Hemingway still believes there is hope for mans salvation and that the lost generation will be replaced. Similarly, in The Grapes of Wrath, Steinbeck insisted on including the full version of the Battle Hymn of the Republic in its first edition: Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming Lord/ He is trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored 7 Steinbeck believed it had great significance and portrayed all types of American identity. Both authors used these sources for the original titles of both novels. Fiesta is also known as The Sun Also Rises. Hemingway and Steinbeck are both making the point that man will find salvation against the persecution of society; and that the only form of life that will always remain is the earth. To conclude , we can see how both novels are linked in the search for identity and the salvation of man. Hemingway and Steinbeck criticise extravagance, because it fuels greed and corruption. It is the traditional values portrayed by Romero and the Joads, which will save mankind. This is shown in Fiesta, when during the mens fishing trip, Wilson-Harris confesses that Ive not had so much fun since the war Their break from the city into a rural setting; away from the excess and greed of Paris convinces them that they can still escape from the effects of the war. In The Grapes of Wrath the Joads search for their identity as a family, trampling out the seeds of wrath planted by the corruption of man in the west. We get the sense that all the characters will be saved from their oppression and that man will always have hope.

Refer to statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Refer to statement - Essay Example the concept of Holocaust denial, and takes a look at the main themes of this perspective by paying careful attention to the arguments put forward by some of its proponents. Then in the second half of the paper, the author presents points that argue otherwise. Holocaust denial is, at its base, the view that the Holocaust never happened. This perspective takes various forms, but it essentially argues that the events that transpired in Germany from 1933 to 1945 under Nazi rule did not happen as it is often depicted. Typical of this view is the downplaying of the atrocities acted upon the European Jews, as well as the toning down of the role played by the upper echelons of the Nazi government on the death of European Jewry. In his book, The Holocaust, Peter Neville brings out the following points regarding the emergence of intellectuals and analysts specializing on Holocaust denial: Among such analysts, the outright denial of the Holocaust has been accompanied either by attempts to play down the horror of the Holocaust by saying, for example, that the number of Jews that were killed has been exaggerated, or by a so-called ‘relativist’ approach, whereby the Holocaust is regarded as being no worse than such Allied ‘atrocities’ as the bombing of the German city of Dresden in 1945 (1999, p.69). It is interesting to note that among the points that he raised, Neville mentions the denier’s approach that seeks to reduce the enormity of the Holocaust by placing it side-by-side with other war atrocities, thus having the effect of making it appear relatively small, or at least comparable with other war crimes. At the outset, it can be seen that this argument is weak, once it is borne in mind that the Nazi atrocities directed at the Jews were not simple crimes springing from the war, but racially motivated acts that can be understood independent of the war campaign. This point will be discussed further as the paper progresses. Nevertheless, the point being

Win the Contract for a small business (Small remote control aircraft Essay

Win the Contract for a small business (Small remote control aircraft capable of long sustained flights) - Essay Example The organization is trying to expand their business operations by competing for Department of Defense contracts. The organization is trying to bid on a contract which is worth of more than 600,000 US dollar. Simplified acquisition method will be appropriate in this case based on the business scenario as simplified acquisition provides effective and easiest pathway to several federal contracts for small businesses. The procurement process is quite narrow and various federal contracts are kept exclusively for smaller business units. The business will consider smaller dollar buys. Simplified acquisitions are generally reserved for smaller dollar buys. Moreover, they can be utilized for the purchase of various commercial goods priced as 5 million US dollar. The small business organization can reserve the services and supplies between 2500 US dollar and 100,000 US dollar through this simplified acquisition method. This simplified acquisition method will help the small organization to rese rve the services and supplies as long as the officer of federal contract can attain several competitive offers from more than one small organization. Simplified acquisition method does not stick to a specific set of buying process (Rumbaugh, 2010). Major advantage of this method is that government officials can develop and pay blanket purchase agreements, purchase cards, purchase orders and cash for simplified acquisition methods. The small business organization can present contracting officials along with a quotation in order to win the contract through simplified acquisition method. Question 2: Analyze all parts and sections of the uniform contract format that could present a problem in this scenario. Suggest how you will adjust your approach to turn the problems you have identified into strengths for your small company. There are four parts of Uniform Contact Format such as The Schedule, Contract Clauses, List of exhibits, documents and other attachments, and representations and instruction. The small business can face several problems associated with contract clauses. Several break free clauses can create payment and cost recovery issues. In lump-sum payment issues the contractors can be engaged by the hirer based on \several exclusive aspects. If the hirer decides that the services of contractors are not necessary for a long-term, they can terminate the contractors. In this case, the contractor needs to be compensated by the hirer with a lump-sum compensation amount. This compensation amount can cross the limit of 1000 US dollar against the termination (Clifford & Warner, 2008). This termination can result in huge operating cost that can affect the business performance of the small organization. On the other hand, cost recovery issue can be a serious problem that can affect the business performance of the small business organization. In cost recovery process, contractor can be engaged by the hirers within the organization. In this case, if the hirer decid es that the long-term contract with the contractor is not necessary for future and terminates the contractor before the contract period then the hirers need to compensate the contractors for each and every reasonable cost. However, in both these cases, the organization has to face huge loss that can affect the performance of organization. Moreover, it can reduce the business output. It is clear from above discussion that several contract clauses issues can limit the business output of the organization. The organization needs to build trust among every shareholder to overcome the issues. Breach of contract can create several legal challenges. The organization

Analysis Of Environmental Conditions Marketing Essay

Analysis Of Environmental Conditions Marketing Essay Analysis of environmental conditions is based on the framework put forward by Lynch (2009) that assesses the general degree of turbulence in the environment. This can be done by using the two measures of Changeability and predictability (Lynch, 2009, p80), which can be subdivided into complexity and novelty (changeability), and rate of change and visibility (predictability). Establishing a level of turbulence in the environment allows us to know with how much confidence we can predict the future (Lynch, 2009). In the fourth quarter of 2009 the UK GDP rose by 0.1% (www.statistics.gov.uk, 2010) which means Britain is officially out of recession. While this means recovery is under way, many analysts remain sceptical of the extent of recovery. Andrew Sentance of the Monetary Policy Committee has claimed that pace of recovery would remain uncertain (Sentence in the Telegraph Newspaper, 2010). So, as far as predictability and visibility go, it appears very difficult to predict with confidence the extent to which the UK economy will recover in 2010, with many anticipating a slow process because the economy remains weighed down by a still fragile banking sector and high consumer and government debt levels (Seager, 2010). With regards to Changeability and complexity, there is a general election expected in May this year and there is a strong possibility of a change of Government (www.yougov.co.uk, www.ipsos-mori.com, 2010), which will bring about a change in Government policy towards businesses, for example, the Conservative Party are pledging a cut in corporation tax. (www.conservatives.com, 2010). Adding to the complexity is the recent return to a 17.5% VAT rate that adds more financial pressure to consumers in an already struggling market. The recession may have ended but analysts are not expecting too much change in spending as economic downturn is squeezing spending power and that pressure will continue into 2010 (Mintel, Oct 2009). Given the reasonably turbulent conditions, organisations must change its strategies, and possibly its beliefs if it is to maintain its ability to handle changes in the environment (Thompson, 2005). So strategy cannot be made for years into the future because of the uncertain nature of the environment. Strategy should focus on the upcoming year until the turbulence reduces. 4.2 PEST Analysis PEST Analysis is a focus on the macro environment and which factors will change the external environment in the years to come. Johnson et al (p.54) states The environment is what gives organisations their means of survival. However the environment is also a source of threats. The macro environment is the highest-level layer. This consists of broad environmental factors that impact to a greater or lesser extent on almost all organisations. Therefore a good analysis of the macro environment is critical to success but should also be as general and non-specific as possible, this leads to one of the down falls of PEST that it can be a very useful tool when analysing the macro environment but also its general nature can be its downfall if it becomes little more than a huge list of factors in a shopping list fashion. We have chosen to use a simple PEST analysis but to add Legal to Political and Environmental to Socio-Cultural to make sure we consider all issues of the external environment. Another criticism of PEST is that it is only as good as the group or person conducting it, a criticism that can apply to any model. However when used appropriately this model can give a good indication of the factors that will affect the external environment in the years to come. Its ability to briefly analyse and present the factors that could prove important can be highly significant. The PEST Analysis can be seen in Appendix 1 and summary in Appendix 2 4.3 Porters 5 Forces Analysis of the industry analysis is based on Porters 5 forces model as referenced by many authors. The five elements that can have an impact upon MS are The bargaining power of suppliers The bargaining power of Buyers Threat of potential new entrants Threat of Substitutes Extent of Competitive Rivalry (Lynch, p97, 2009) More detailed information on Porters 5 Forces can be found in Appendix 3 4.4 Strategic Group Analysis Below is the strategic group analysis for Marks and Spencer, detailed information on SGA and how the table was created can be seen in Appendix 4 (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington (2008:76))SGA1.jpg Strategic Group Analysis for Marks and Spencer plc Scope of Activities (Extent of Product Diversity) Resource Commitment (Advertising Effort) Marks and Spencer Next John Lewis (Waitrose) Arcadia Group British Home Stores Tesco Marks and Spencer Tesco Next John Lewis (Waitrose) ASDA Debenhams 4.5 Market Segmentation Market segmentation differs from SGA in the way that is looks to customers as its focus rather than sector competitors. Lynch (2006, p105) states Market segmentation is fundamental to the development of corporate strategy. Careful analysis of segments and their characteristics is therefore important. For example some segments may have more profit potential, have less competition then others and some may be growing faster. Taking the age demographic for example the 18-30 age group is declining, whereas the 31-60 age group is growing rapidly. (ONS.gov.uk) Marks and Spencer have a great deal of competitors when it comes to market segmentation mainly due to the fact that Marks and Spencer covers so many segments, children through to adults, males and females, for example. The only segment Marks and Spencer does not appear cater for is the low income segment as its pricing policy is slightly more than mid range offered by the competitors such as Tesco in food and Next in clothing and home ware. Market segmentation of course has its advantages as it will help you to understand more competitors but importantly like the SGA will also show strategic opportunities or gaps in the market that after careful consideration could be moved into. Unfortunately, again, it is difficult to place a company easily within a segment and as before will only be based on one persons views and therefore cannot be ideal. 5.0 Internal Analysis 5.1 Resource Audit Johnson et al. state that although many companies in the same sector compete in the same environment, one may be a superior performer. It is not their environment that distinguishes between them but their internal strategic capabilities. (Please refer to Appendix 5 for definitions) We know that Marks and Spencer has the strategic capability to perform at the level required to survive and has the threshold resources needed to carry this out as well as the necessary threshold competences to underpin this, companies that were founded in 1880s would not still be in business today without these in place. More interesting are the unique resources and core competencies specific to Marks and Spencer that help them gain and maintain competitive advantage. We know that MS has a wide range of shops and retail units the length of the country but this is not a unique resource as Tesco has more units and more retail space, however unique to MS its presence on the high street in the volume it appears, with food and clothing, more supermarkets are situated on retail parks and out of town, even when they appear in town they are small and do not carry the same stock levels. MS also have 295 stores in 41 different countries. Logistically MS must have excellent systems in place to allow all these stores to be stocked. MSs biggest unique resource perhaps is the brand. When you say Marks and Spencer to people they almost always think of quality. Marks Spencer have been around for over 125 years and no company can survive this long without delivering good quality own branded products that have stood the test of time. 5.2 Value Chain Analysis The value chain describes the categories of activities within and around an organisation, which together create a product or service (Johnson, 2008, p110). The primary activities for Marks and Spencer concern its inbound logistics, operations outbound logistics, marketing and sales and service. MS places great emphasis on the quality of its products, which they believe justify higher prices. The marketing strategy emphasises this with, for example, the your MS (see case study) attempting to give back to the customer and emphasising the quality of the products. They have also begun to promote a price comparison with Waitrose (Thomas, 2009) while keeping an emphasis on quality, with the strap line Price checked against Waitrose Essentials. Quality checked by MS (Thomas, 2009). This method of emphasising quality has given MS its reputation, but it is important to live for the standards it sets itself. MS also adds value through its customer service, with a Mintel report revealing it has the highest customer service rating of any retailer amongst consumers and is continuing to invest in raising service standards (Mintel, 2007). They have also trained some staff to become healthy eating experts (Mintel, 2007) in a bid to improve customer service. It is this sort of commitment that enables MS to be regarded as a high quality retailer. They would be unable to charge higher prices if customer service was poor. For its outbound logistics MS have launched new ways of packaging. Under a program known as plan A in cooperation with Oxfam they plan to become carbon neutral by 2012. This is being done by promising not to send any packaging to landfill and putting labels on packaging so that consumers know how to recycle their goods. (Mintel, 2010). While many retailers have launched ethical policies with regards to packaging MS appear to have gone further than others with its promise to become carbon neutral. This policy is backed up through one of its support activities, technology development, where they sought to introduce new recyclable content into its packaging. Value has also been created through a commitment to sustainable fishing (The Guardian, 2010) making it the first food retailer to make such a commitment. This shows an ethical standpoint on its inbound logistics and procurement policies. Such policies have helped create value within the brand, giving consumers the image that while they may pay a bit more for their products, they will receive high quality, ethically produced goods, which it is hope will bring customers back. 5.3 Key Stakeholders We will now look at key stakeholders using Mendelows Matrix (Ref: majyds.wordpress.com//power-of-stakeholders/) Mendelows power/ interest matrix High Customers Employees Shareholders Power Low Bank Creditors Low High Level of Interest NB: More detailed analysis on how this conclusions were drawn can be found in Appendix 6 6.0 SWOT Analysis of External and Internal Analysis After analysing the internal and external environments we can generate a series of strategic alternatives or choices of strategies to follow in the future. To do this, we must look at the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The purpose of this is to build on the strengths of the company, eliminate weaknesses, develop opportunities and counter threats. The SWOT and the reasons why we have chosen the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that we have can be seen in Appendix 7 and 8 7.0 Strategic Options for Marks and Spencer 7.1 Option One After producing the swot analysis and identifying the areas that need attention and further progression, we need to implement some strategic options using the key elements of the organisations purpose. When looking at the SWOT analysis we can see that amongst MSs strengths, they have the biggest market share in clothing and produce quality products. They also have weaknesses of reliance on their own brand and they are in a weak cash position. These lead us to consider MSs environment based options, in particularly, their market options. Ansoff Matrix Diagram(Mindtools.com) Looking at Ansoffs Matrix (above), one of the strategic options we have chosen to implement is that of Product Development. We believe that although MS currently have the biggest market share in clothing, this needs to be protected and pushed forward. Especially as there is such fierce competition in this sector. With the fact that MS already sell clothing, they will not require new competencies to execute this plan. Fashion retailers like Next, MS and Topshop have been through a long period when they have been able to rely solely on declining prices to drive sales upwards. However, with the falling pound and rising overseas sourcing costs, competing on price is going to become increasingly difficult for them. Customers who still have money to spend are going to be ever more demanding. Retailers will have to identify the needs of their core customer even more closely and make sure that they are met. Improving staff training, motivation and product knowledge, as well as recruitment and retention will be crucial in doing so. (Mintel 02/09) As the statement above says, retailers need to identify the needs of their customers more closely. MSs clothing is well know as a mature fashion range, though recently George Davis, the man behind George at Asda is about to launch a new spring collection with a brand new label. This clothing range is called give and is aimed at aged 30+ women. The entrepreneur is bankrolling give, which targets well-off women with fashion pieces that can be customised to fit perfectly. (The Guardian, 02/10) This is product development in itself as they are bringing in new products to existing markets, but we would suggest that they focus on making the new label one that will attract the younger customer at an affordable price. We would also suggest that they use a well know female celebrity to endorse the new clothing range. Neil Mason, a senior retail analyst at Mintel, believes that introducing a limited collection, like Kate Mosss at Topshop, adds to the appeal. The celebritys status in itself is enough to make these lines work, but theres no doubt that when a retailer limits the supply it generates more interest, a real kudos for the people who manage to get their hands on a coveted item. (independent.co.uk:2007) Younger females look up to and want to be like young, successful female celebrities and are very fashion conscious. MS currently have Twiggy as the face of a brand of clothing, but this would not appeal to the younger audience. This strategy should be implemented as soon as possible to coincide with MSs seasonal clothing ranges. 7.2 Option Two Using Ansoffs matrix, it has also been decided to use market penetration as an option, specifically with regards to food sales. As was found in the SWOT analysis food sales remain comparatively low and with its main competitor (Waitrose) having overtaken MS food in terms of market share, (Finch, The Guardian, 2009). As of July 2009 Waitrose had a share of 4.2% to MS 3.7% (Creevy, 2009). Having identified food sales as a weakness (despite slight growth in the last quarter of 2009 (Mintel, Nov 2009)) it is necessary to formulate a strategic plan to improve this situation. Given the immense competition, struggling UK economy, consumers down trading and the price wars between competitors there are major hurdles to cross to penetrate the market further. However, using the strength of the brand and the added value MS has over other food retailers a plan can be developed. While MS will never compete with the likes of ALDI and LIDL on price it can look at overtaking Waitrose. Mintel suggests Waitrose have leapfrogged Marks Spencer in food sales, helped by its Essential value range (Mintel, 23-07-2009) and as consumers are moving to cheaper supermarkets it is suggested that MS launch a lower cost range to compete with Waitrose. By attracting customers with lower cost alternatives it can use its high level of customer satisfaction to try and keep them. It will be important to also keep an emphasis on quality. The advert referenced in the value chain analysis reflects this, but the campaign needs to be bigger to make all consumers aware of it. There is a perception that MS is much higher priced than its competitors (Finch, 2009), that Sir Stuart Rose has acknowledged so it needs to wow customers with good deals. Also, it could be said that MS has an over reliance on its own brand and shoppers cannot get their favourite brands in MS so have to go to another shop to get them. This possibly results in a loss of custom. If MS can roll out popular household favourites, such as Kelloggs, Heinz etc as well as keeping an extensive range of their own products an increase in food sales and market share should happen. 7.3 Option Three Looking at the further options raised by Ansoff, another strategic option for Marks and Spencers to investigate is that of Diversification. Looking at the SWOT we can see that diversification and acquisitions are both on the SWOT as is a strong brand name, this led us to thinking what could MS do? There are two types of diversification one is related, where new products and markets are developed but within current capabilities and constraints or unrelated where it is beyond the current capabilities. We are going to look at adding new luxury products to new markets concerning both vertical and backward integration. This could be through integration or merger/acquisition of say a car manufacturer or a luxury holiday supplier. The supplier getting to use the Marks and Spencer brand name associated with quality and then MS marketing the products and getting a percentage of the profits made on sales. MS already supply travel money so why not holidays as well. Many companies have to adapt to survive, MS are not different in this respect, companies need to look to increase revenue where they can and this is one way it can be achieved. Business synergy is important and this can be one way to achieve, create new and maintain it. 8.0 Evaluation of Strategic Options Strategic Option Suitability Acceptability Feasibility Total 1 8 5 9 22 2 7 6 7 20 3 7 4 4 15 Detailed Analysis of how this was reached can be found in Appendix 9 8.1 Conclusion Overall, we would therefore recommend option one for implementation. 9.0 Evaluation of Models Some analysis is contained within the text and appendix but any additional analysis is detailed in Appendix 10

Causes of WWI

Newspapers, literature, music, parades, propaganda, and theatre all fueled Nationalism Our nation is special, unique and superior Can not be defeated Our government and military will win any conflict Royal, politicians, and diplomats fueled this belief and pushed this belief Such hype ND arrogance led many to believe war was good, Inevitable, and would only prove their arrogant belief Europe had not seen War or experienced significant military loss for decades which only added to their misfiles Examples Many people like the British thought the war would be over in a matter of months Thought it was spiritual with God on your side†¦ ND war enthusiasm Felt entitled to more land Militarism Militarism AND THE EUROPEAN ARMS race were both contributing factors to WWW When a country decides to grow and focus on their military Spent a lot of money on weapons/defense Drafting folks into militaryThe dreadnought (battleship) LED TO THE WAR using power of weapons to destroy others Alliances made alliances even if they weren't â€Å"mad† at the other country 2) Sucked in other HUGE countries to help them in war 3) Led to world wide war Otherwise would've been local war Triple Alliance Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy Triple Entente Russia, France, Britain Imperialism Industrialism Building factors, big business's In order to be a successful factory, you needed materials Everybody wanted something, natural competition out of industrialization Hungry for resources, coal, tin, steel Mechanisms of war to buildCompetition over territory When Austria annexes Bosnia The blackhead didn't like it (Yugoslavian nationalists) Want their own kind of Serbian Yugoslavian empire Their way of saying how they disapprove is by assassinating Archduke Ferdinand June 24, 1918 Gabriel Principia Austria declares war on Serbia, as a result of the assassination because of the assassination Russia sides with Serbia Weapons of War Machine Guns Used as defensive weapon Took 4 men to opera te 1 gun Usually positioned on flat tripod Fired 400-600 rounds p minute Short burst shot Rapidly overeat without cooling mechanism (water)Had to carry large amounts of water to big battles IF they ran out of water, they would use urine Tanks Protected soldiers inside and behind Helped get people across â€Å"no-man's land† Awkward and uncomfortable but useful, but hot Poison Gas Burned skin Destroyed lungs Used them to put in trenches Gas might blow toward your men Trenches Weren't very hospitable Dug by soldiers who were going to fight No Man's Land Land between trench's Filled u=of bombs, mud, holes, barbed wire Health Giants rats, lice, cooties are body lice Rats and pests Weather Muddy and cold, trench foot (cool temp and wet foot) Deteriorating foot Salted meat and crackers Boredom Played cars, letters, go out and shoot rats Chores Soccer Game During Christmas Truce Traumas Trench foot Trench fever Sickness and disease Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PETS) Caused by bei ng in battle or war for an extended amount of time Also known as shell shock Suffer from nightmares and horrors Families were changed Soldiers came back and weren't the same Still have PETS through relatives dying Three Key Battles of WWW The Battle of Verdure Feb. 21-Deck 16 1916 Ten month battle BTW France and Germany Neither side gained much of an advantage Roughly half a million lost on each side No advantage for either side Battle of Jutland Naval battle Gave allies control of sea, British now had most powerful Ana Sea superiority America was supporting by sending supplies over ships Only major naval battle of WWW Meanwhile, Germany focuses on U-boat Children in War Girl scouts Raised cookies Collected peach pits for gas masks Made gardens Boy scouts Looked out for incoming ships Victory gardens with schools Red Cross Poems Motivations of a poet were the horrors and question their existence of God John Peal Bishop – were in the war and questioning GodJoyce Killer  œ why friends died and questioning God Archibald Manacles – talking about mother nature Woodrow Wilson President, reelected again for no war Reluctant to Join WWW He had to because of the Louisiana (ship that was sunk) Ship was sunk because USA was transporting Britain weapons and food Zimmerman Telegram German ambassador Sent coded message to Mexico that said: Join the war and you'll get land British coded it out and told USA Toward the end of the war, Willow's wrote document called â€Å"14 Points† that said to be a lasting peace and no more war Make a league of nations New George Washington† David Lloyd Jorge British prime Up to him to work with French Had to negotiate on how to work together Oversaw the building of the royal navy. ar (navy) Convoy is key – group of soldiers in unison Sent a bunch of ships, scouting, and looking for u boats If you can't keep supplies going to Europe, then your men will be out of food, bullets, medicine, and soldiers Geo rge Clemencies â€Å"Curious George† Key drafter in treaty of Versailles Much of French countryside was completely destroyed French suffered greatly since it was destroying their country Easy to point a finger on Curious George, now there was a reason to be mad at Paris was evacuated Mad at Germany, made sure Germany paid for the war Gassed by John Singer Sergeant Aftermath of a mustard gas attack Bravery of soldiers Wounded and dead soldiers all over the ground The soldiers have blindfolds over their eyes to try to protect their eyes from the burning gas Hispanics and Native Americans Lots of people had prejudices against people not white in the war Stereotype that certain type of people, considering their not white enough, as being unable to contribute Many Hispanics served (200,00) David Barley changed his name to go in front, blended inNative Americans were code talkers Anyone who could speak Chickasaws were pulled to send messages Letters and Interviews Hildebrand Scan N o money Hard to get Job Injured (one leg/arm) Many died from illness Flu was going through Lied to get in because thy wanted to fight so badly Myth of war was going to have a great experience Censored letters Didn't' want people to lose support Didn't want people to tell horrible experiences Squashes their spirits Always going to stay positive Economic and Social Aspects of World War I War bonds – whenever you buy a war bond, it gave money to the government so they loud use it on the army After the war, you would get a small interest back 20 Billion dollars Social aspects Private industries donated Woman in work force Black markets emerging Victories exaggerated for morale A lot of propaganda Women are going to get more Jobs then they ever had since so many men were overseas Social Effects Most went for heroism Gas warfare caused fear (mustard gas) for soldiers Restricted rights in Britain WWW government restricted people that they couldn't say bad stuff about the government Social Rights Huge propaganda Illegal to criticize gob Social Impact New field of occupation Health, manufacturing guns Better conditions Increase of nurses Increase of transport/services African Americans Thought it would give them better treatment and opportunity They split the blacks and whites into 92nd and 93rd infantry Weren't many blacks in the Ana Some fought alongside the French Awarded by French for their bravery Most women got factory Jobs and nurse Jobs Harlem Hellfire's It took them 4 trains and 2 ferries to transport black veterans Punished for killing people Race riot at camp Discrimination Wanted higher wages and better working conditionsThere was residential segregation Great Migration – blacks living in the south saw opportunities for better work and less racism up north Go up north and look for a place to live Said they were told by people that they can't live in a certain part of town Many blacks like Henry Johnson were given awards for how hard they fough t Blacks felt like they had to prove themselves The Treaty of Versailles End cap of war This treaty is so important in understanding WI Central Powers Germany – mil dead Austral-Hugger -1. 2 mil dead Turkey 325,000 dead Bulgaria – 100,000 dead Total losses – 8. 5 mil dead, 2. Mil wounded The Big Three David Lloyd George (Britain), Clemencies (France), and Woodrow Wilson (America) Italy had an alliance with Germany when the war started and remained neutral in the war until they finally sided with Allied forces This caused Italy to technically be the fourth Big country in the war, but were not involved in signing of the treaty much Russia had Just gotten out of â€Å"Stalin's Purge† > great loss David Lloyd George of Britain wanted Germany to be punished but he didn't not want to be kicked out of office for punishing to little.His goal was to punish Germany for their crimes but not o much Woodrow Wilson didn't want much movement in the treaty, he believed i t was up to Europe, but he still believed in punishing Germany The only thing he really wanted was a league of nations set in place in Europe, The league of Nation was a council of European countries working together Clemencies wanted revenge of Germany Terms of Treaty Military Terms Germany was to have a very limited army The army force was reduced to 100,00 men Only 6 naval ships No tanks No air force No gas weapons No heavy artillery General Terms of The Treaty Germany had to admit responsibility for the war meaning he had to pay all the image he caused, they had to pay over 6 mil 6 hundred pounds and the repair their own country. The league of nation was set up to keep the peace, but not the way Wilson wanted it to be The Germans only had two options, sign the treaty, or be invaded The treaty gave away 13. % of Germany's land to other countries and almost it all of it's colonies in other parts of world It also demoralized the western part of Germany for 1 5 years Sum: Germany ha d to take blame for the war and took away it's weapons Negotiation The treaty was negotiated from Jan 1919 to June 1919 The treaty had 15 parts and 440 articles IT ended the war officially on June 28 1919 The Germans started disobeying this disagreement in the sass's Hitler denounced treaty altogether in 1935 ON September 1, 1939 Hitler attacked Poland The impact of WWW on Women outside, dealing with forestry, service and cars, police force, nurses on the front line, fixing equipment, running messages, playing sports,†hello girl† – telephone operators, helped communication between trenches and lieutenants.Widowed, women had to adjust to man, (PETS) Juggle with career, kids,(single mom duty) Toward the end of the war, men come back and want all these Jobs back Women are old â€Å"it's your patriotic duty to go back home† forced to go back home Men in army want their Jobs back from blacks and women Because they played a key role in the economy, 19th amendment will be passed – right to vote Flu Pandemic 1918 and 1919 Originated from Spain, they called it the Spanish flu Kills more people than the war Roughly 20-40 million people died Conditions of warfare (training in facilities) going to forts and camps and the conditions that they live in are very congested If someone got the flu, it was easily caught Same thing in the trenches t Flu killed people within 24 hours, a lot of people survived, but more people diedPeople war masks to prevent from flu Resources were limited as to keeping up with the sick Schools, churches, gems, to lay out bodies and help people Doctors and nurses were in shortage Elevates to the point where your respiratory system and blood causes your system to fail How the US Got Ready for WWW Draft people (selective service act) Age 21-30 were drafted Some volunteered 3 million men served Dodge draft, religious reasons to not fight Raise money Liberty bonds Espionage Act – worried about others spying on us Go after people who aid the enemy German spies in US (terrorist from Germany) Sedition act Don't criticize government or the war effort Propaganda Committee of Public information Posters Movies Demonic or villainies Remember causes of war Harlem Hell fighters Most honored army Black people People had their own music Jazz) Jazz age came Women Women in WWW don't get much real attention Women did lots of munitions work Dangerous work, often lost fingers, could lose their life They were the ones who made sure the men overseas had bullets, shells, guns, and uniforms in which to fight. They pushed and moved heavy trucks Learned to mix chemicals Assemble airplanes Learned to weld and rivet Got to vote Operate machine tools